台灣文化產業關聯效果之分析

The Linkage Effect Analysis of Cultural Industries in Taiwan

孔憲法(Shiann-Far Kung) ； 閻永祺(Yung-Chi Yen) ； 吳牧學(Mu-Hsueh Wu)

《都市與計劃》 35卷3期 (2008/09) Pp. 177-204

https://doi.org/10.6128/CP.35.3.177

摘要

近年來，文化產業成爲一個重要研究主題。若干研究試圖展現文化產業在經濟上的重要性，但多數僅及於該產業或其分之部門的就業或產值貢獻，而少探究文化產業的產業關聯效果。本研究主要以產業關聯分析方法，探討文化產業在台灣經濟發展中的角色與其發展內涵，可以初步彌補台灣前述研究缺憾。本文透過兩個主要步驟進行分析：(1)結合文化產業定義與國內大型統計調查資料之分類架構，共提出十三項代表性文化產業；(2)經由產業關聯分析，探討文化產業的產業特性、關聯產業與其對經濟發展之效應。根據以上分析結果，本文提出四項文化產業之發展趨勢與政策建議：(1)國內文化產業大致具有火車頭型之產業特質，其中藝文表演、運動、建築設計、設計等產業部門有顯著的誘發效果；廣告、品牌時尚有顯著的產出、就業和所得效果；電影與珠寶產業的生產規模雖小，但乘數效果不差，以上部門皆爲具有潛力之文化產業；(2)文化產業逐漸朝向小規模、彈性專業化與勞力密集型，但薪資水準並未伴隨生產力提升而顯著增加，值得進一步探討；(3)文化產業之市場結構逐漸朝向中間投入提高之專業分工生產模式，未來政策如能加強生產鏈各環節之專業化與其間的串聯，將更能提升文化產業之精緻性與競爭層級，以因應市場之不確定性或升級爲高價文化市場；(4)除電影、藝文表演、廣播電視和廣告等產業，其餘文化產業皆相當依賴國際貿易，其中流行音樂與多媒體、品牌時尚、木竹工藝及家具、陶瓷玻璃石材工藝等產業，皆與傳統製造業有顯著之關聯，未來可思考藉由文化產業協助傳統產業升級之可能性。

關鍵字

文化產業 ； 產業關聯 ； 投入產出分析

並列摘要

Cultural industries have recently become an important field of analysis for research. Some studies have tried to highlight the economic importance of cultural industries, but most studies have only considered the contribution of cultural industries or their sub-industries in terms of employment or revenue, with minimal exploration of the inter-industrial effect of Cultural industries. This study applies input-output analysis to investigate the importance of cultural industries and their relationships with economic development in Taiwan economy, thus partially filling the above mentioned research gaps. This work is based on the following two analytical steps: first, by surveying different definitions of cultural industries and understanding the standard industrial classifications used in government censuses, we propose a definition of cultural industries that contains 13 cultural industries which can be integrated with Taiwan census data and input-output tables. Second, this work applies input-output analysis to examine the characteristics of cultural industries, and explores related industries and economic development effects. The empirical results reveal four important findings in addition to policy implications. First, cultural industries in Taiwan are characterized by high dispersion and low sensibility in which ”Art Performance”, ”Sport”, ”Architecture Design”, ”Design” have high household effect; ”Advertising” and ”Fashion” have high output, employment and income effects; and ”Film” and ”Jewelry” have high multiplier effects despite their output being insignificant. Second, there is an urgent need to upgrade wage levels in Taiwan because the Taiwanese cultural industry is becoming a highly labor-intensive industry with a small-medium size, but wage levels remain low. Third, the Taiwanese cultural industry will strengthen if the specialization of individual production chains in the industry is increased because the market structure is becoming characterized by high labor division and specialization with high intermediate input. Fourth, it is possible to consider applying the cultural industry to upgrade traditional industries because all cultural industries except ”Film”, ”Art Performance”, ”Broadcasting” and ”Advertising” depend heavily on international trade, moreover ”Popular Music and Multimedia”, ”Craft” have high production relationship with traditional industries.

並列關鍵字

Cultural industry ； Inter-industry Interdependence ； Input-output analysis

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