虛擬團隊成員互動行為對合作績效影響之研究

Exploring the Impact of Virtual Team's Interaction Behavior on Cooperative Performance

林東清(Tung-Ching Lin) ； 楊玉琪(Yu-Chi Yang) ； 吳盛(Sheng Wu)

《臺大管理論叢》 13卷1期 (2002/12) Pp. 187-226

https://doi.org/10.6226/NTURM2002.13.1.187

摘要

本研究的目的在於瞭解學習任務導向之虛擬團隊，在團隊發展階段中的成員互動行為與團隊合作績效間的關係。透過觀察與分析團隊成員的互動行為，以找出在Tuckman和Jensen團隊發展生命週期中，各階段所出現的行為特性與影響最後合作績效高低的關鍵性行為，並深入探究合作績效不同之虛擬團隊的成員互動行為差異性。對於互動行為的衡量工具，本研究採用Bales所提出觀察團體的多重層次系統(SYMLOG)，搭配以語幹為分析單位的內容分析法，來分析九組目標虛擬團隊的群組討論過程，研究結果發現在團隊發展初期，必須鼓勵成員踴躍主動發言，促進團隊結構的有效建立與運作；在團隊發展過程中，要適時出現感激、感謝等鼓勵性質的對話和追隨者的存在，可以促使團隊的任務進行更加順利；在團隊發展後期，成員必須要有能力、有共識地將互動溝通的重心轉移至任務的執行上，才能達成團隊合作高績效的目標。本研究結果可以輔助虛擬團隊在規劃團隊發展各階段行為策略時的參考，並作為未來進一步研究虛擬團隊互動行為時的基礎。

關鍵字

虛擬團隊 ； 觀察團體的多重層次系統 ； 成員互動行為 ； 團隊發展階段

並列摘要

Facing the unceasing challenges of new technology, the use of virtual teams as the future organization structure has become more and more common. The objectives of this research are to investigate members' behavior in Tuckman's five-stages model of group development, and to find out the impact of critical behaviors on virtual team's collaborative performance. Nine learning-task oriented virtual teams composed by part-time graduate students in cyber university of NSYSU and probes into the theme of each groups' discussions by content analysis approach. SYMLOG is applied to observe group member's behavior and construct the categories of content analysis. The major findings of this research are as follows, the critical behaviors of initial stage of group development are active (U) and friendly (P) behaviors. During the middle stage, the existence of encouragers and followers should improve group development towards high performance. In the final stage, group members shall be able to shift the communication focus from emotionally expressive (B) to instrumentally controlled (F) in order to reach superior effectiveness. Finally, some academic and praction implications and research liminations are also discussed.

並列關鍵字

Virtual Team ； SYMLOG ； Group Behavior ； Group Development Stages

參考文獻

Bales, R. F.(1950).Interaction Process Analysis.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.

Bales, R. F.(1970).Personality and Interpersonal Behavior.New York:Holt, Rinehart ＆ Winston.

Bales, R. F., Cohen, S. P.(1979).SYMLOG: A System for the Multiple Level Observations of Groups.New York:Free Press.

Beaudouin-Lafon, M.(1999).Computer Supported Co-operative Work.New York:John Wiley ＆ Sons.

Bennis, W. G., Shepard, H.(1956).A Theory of Group Development.Human Relations.9(4)