台灣產業結構變遷和性別歧視對男女薪資溢酬變動趨勢之影響

The Effects of Industrial Structure and Sex Discrimination on Changes in Female and Male Wage Differential in Taiwan 1978-2003

徐美(Mei Hsu) ； 陳明郎(Been-Lon Chen) ； 方俊德(Jiun-Der Fang)

《經濟論文》 34卷4期 (2006/12) Pp. 505-539

https://doi.org/10.29628/AEP.200612.0003

摘要

近年來台灣男女薪資差距趨於縮小中，並呈現出二項重要的經濟發展結果。其一是產業結構性變動，其二是女性就業者教育的快速提升，造成產業內男女平均生產力顯著的差異變動和兩性薪資差異趨向縮小。產業的技術進步和資本密集化，女性生產力上揚，使得重心智性產業和傳統重體力性產業中，男女薪資溢酬型態轉變。本研究延伸薪資差異、歧視和產業結構變動之研究，運用1978-2003年二十六年的「人力運用調查」資料，探討台灣產業結構變遷，兩性生產力和性別歧視變動對於男女薪資溢酬改變的影響。實證結果支持「伴隨經濟成長而來的產業結構性變動會造成男女薪資差異縮小」和「台灣勞動市場對於女性薪資歧視的減少是造成男女薪資差異縮小的原因」之兩項假說。1978-2003年整段期間來看，男女平均生產力差異解釋男女薪資差異的比例呈現逐年增加的現象，無法解釋而歸於性別歧視的比例則呈逐年縮小。相鄰兩年之跨期男女薪資差異變動之分解推估值均為負值，且其絕對值呈現逐年上升的趨勢，表示女性生產力相對男性生產力在提升中，亦即女性薪資成長速度大於男性薪資成長速度，因而產生男女薪資差異逐年縮小的結果。

關鍵字

薪資差異 ； 性別歧視 ； 產業結構改變 ； Oaxaca分解分析

並列摘要

Recently, female to male wage differentials have been declining in Taiwan. Two factors may explain the results. First is the change in industrial structure. Second is the increase in female education. The industrial structure in Taiwan has moved toward a level with higher technology- and capital-intensity with a larger share in the tertiary sector, in which females have a comparative advantage. The second factor results in a higher marginal product of female workers. This article employs the Manpower Utilization Survey data in Taiwan during the period of 1978-2003 in order to study the effects of industrial structure and sex discrimination on changes in the male-female wage differential. We test the following two hypotheses.
First, the industrial structure change, resulting from economic growth, narrows the female-male wage differential. Second, the reduction in sex discrimination leads to a smaller female-male wage differential. Our estimations and tests support these two hypotheses. In particular, the factor of the average productivity differentials between females and males, as opposed to the factor of sex discrimination, is increasing over time in the determination of the narrowing female-male wage differential.

並列關鍵字

Wage differential ； Sex discrimination ； Industrial structure change ； Oaxaca decomposition analysis

參考文獻

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