德國長期照顧保險效應分析：1995-2013

臺灣正參考德國長期照顧保險法之架構擬定長照政策，但研究德國長保之中文文獻多缺乏分析該政策實施近二十年之全面效應。本研究蒐集自1995年德國開始實施長保至2013年為止，以德國長保為主題之中英文文獻，分析德國長保政策在達成預定目標上之成果與不預期效應。本研究發現，德國長保固然在財政與服務供給等面向達到立法目的，但長期而言卻在性別、階級與族群等面向皆造成擴大不平等差距之趨勢。且上述三方面不平等差距擴大趨勢極少在中文文獻裡被提到，但英文文獻則多關注。此中文資訊空缺現象是否影響臺灣之跨國政策學習，值得關注。

關鍵字

性別平等；老年照顧；跨國政策學習；看護移工；現金給付福利

並列摘要

Taiwan is currently drafting a long-term care insurance (LTCI) program modeled after the German LTCI. Yet few studies in Chinese have thoroughly analyzed the German LTCI's far-reaching consequences. This research project sets out to explore the full impact of the German LTCI by conducting a systematic and critical literature review both in Chinese and English from 1995 to 2013. The findings are first, that the German LTCI has indeed accomplished its goal by alleviating the LTC-incurred financial burden on local governments. Second, the German LTCI has seen more precarious employment, leading to worsened working conditions and difficulties in care worker recruitment and retention. Third, its cash allowance has created a negative employment incentive for female family caregivers. Fourth, through LTCI, German society has become stratified more deeply along the lines of gender, class, and ethnicity. Last, most literature in Chinese fails to discuss the broader implications of the German LTCI.

並列關鍵字

gender equality ； elder care ； cross-national policy learning ； migrant care worker ； cash benefits

參考文獻

劉毓秀(2012)。北歐普及照顧制度的實踐與變革。女學學誌。31，75-122。

陳明芳(2012)。福利國家的重構：以德國長期照護保險制度的建置與改革為例兼論台灣可得之借鏡。臺大社會工作學刊。25，157-207。

內政部統計處 2013　〈人口年齡分配〉。《內政統計年報》，2013 年12 月20 日，取自http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/list.htm(Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior, 2013, “Population by Age,” Statistical Yearbook of Interior, Retrieved December 20, 2013, from http://sowf.moi.gov.tw/stat/year/list.htm)

Google Scholar

任琛 2014　〈德國吸引中國護理人員是「雙贏」〉。德國之聲中文網（在線報導），1 月24 日。2014 年10 月16 日，取自http://www.dw.de/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%B8%E5%BC%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%91%98%E6%98%AF%E5%8F%8C%E8%B5%A2/a-17383776(Ren, Chen, 2014, “Germany Drawing Nurses from China Is Win-Win,” Deutsche Welle, January 24. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://www.dw.de/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%B8%E5%BC%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E4%BA%BA%E5%91%98%E6%98%AF%E5%8F%8C%E8%B5%A2/a-17383776)

Google Scholar

李玉春、蔡誾誾、林依瑩、林志鴻 2010　〈赴德國考察長期照護保險制度報告〉，衛生署出國報告，編號09902923，出國期間2010 年6 月8 日至6 月20 日。2014 年1 月24 日，取自http://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/report_detail.jspx?sysId=C09902923 (Lee, Yue-chune, Yin-yin Tsai, Yi-ying Lin, and Chih-hong Lin, 2010, “Report for Ministry of Health of the Visit in Germany about the German Long-Term Care,” No. 09902923, Visit Dates: June 8– 20, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2014, from http://report.nat.gov.tw/ReportFront/report_detail.jspx?sysId=C09902923)