集體記憶與社會資本－談加拿大臺灣移民的居住地選擇與思維

Collective Memory and Social Capital: The Considerations of Residential Choices of Taiwanese Immigrants in Canada

徐榮崇(Jung-Chung Richard Hsu)

《人口學刊》 37期 (2008/12) Pp. 115-150

https://doi.org/10.6191/jps.2008.8

摘要

本研究主要依據集體記憶、跨國主義和社會資本等理論，從不同的空間尺度，探討加拿大臺灣移民在居住地選擇時的思維與作用力。
透過2001年加拿大普查資料與文獻回顧，了解溫哥華及多倫多兩地臺灣移民概況及基本特徵，並於兩地選取40位臺灣出生移民進行深度訪談，以探討其居住地選擇過程與想法，並與理論做呼應。
研究結果發現，加拿大臺灣出生移民因居住環境佳及天氣因素而選擇溫哥華，且集中在Vancouver、Burnaby和Richmond等地區。因家人親戚與求學環境而選擇多倫多，並聚居在Toronto、Mississauga、Markham和Richmond Hill等地區。一直以來，他們在臺、加二地間，跨國界的將文化進行傳播、保留與複製，建立了一個跨國界的社會領域。同時，也在此領域中建立起特有的社會網絡，累積了社會資本。此資本不但可以幫助原居地文化跨國傳播到移居地，建立起族裔的集體記憶，也可以提供最新的資訊，讓移民在移居地找到好的居所，並取得新的社會認同。這樣的氛圍吸引了臺灣移民特別喜歡居住在某些特定的城市與地區。

關鍵字

集體記憶 ； 社會資本 ； 跨國主義 ； 遷移 ； 居住地選擇

並列摘要

The purpose of this research is to explore how Taiwanese migrants select their residential locations when they move overseas using the concepts of collective memory, transnationalism and social capital.
The methods employed in this research included a review of the 2001 Canadian Census data, followed by an extensive literature survey on the socio-demographic characteristics of Taiwanese migrants in Vancouver and Toronto before a total of 40 in-depth interviews were carried out in the two cities, investigating how their decisions were made in choosing their residential location.
This research finds that most Taiwanese migrants chose to live in Vancouver and Toronto. The mild climate and pleasant environment were the main determinants they cited for deciding to live in Vancouver, Burnaby and Richmond were the specific suburbs they congregated in. For those who chose to settle in Toronto, they did so mainly for family and education reasons; and Toronto, Mississauga, Markham and Richmond Hill were the locations in which they preferred to settle.
Having spent time living between Canada and Taiwan, these migrants had constructed a transnational space that allows them not only to fuse the cultures between the two places, but also to build social networks and social capital that enable collective memory to develop, further encouraging information on residential suburbs to spread. In turn, these locations acquired an identity as preferred choices for urban living among Taiwanese immigrants.

並列關鍵字

collective memory ； social capital ； transnationalism ； migration ； residential choice

參考文獻

胡正光(2007)。從柏格森到阿布瓦希：論集體記憶的本質。政治與社會哲學評論。21，147-201。

藍佩嘉(2002)。跨越國界的生命地圖：菲籍海外家務勞工的流動與認同。臺灣社會研究季刊。48，11-59。

Bourdieu, P.,J. G. Richardson. L. C.(edited)(1986).Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education.New York:Greenwood Press.

Boyd, M.(1989).Family and Personal Networks in International Migration: Recent Developments and New Agendas.International Migration Review.23,638-670.

Burnley, I.,P. W. Newton(edited),M. Bell.(1996).Population shift- Mobility and Change in Australia.Canberra:Australian Government Publishing Service.