從制度主義解析歐洲聯盟憲法條約草案

EU Constitution-Building: An Institutionalist Analysis

蘇宏達(Hung-Dah Su)

《政治科學論叢》 20期 (2004/06) Pp. 167-208

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.20(167-208)

摘要

從歐洲聯邦倡議者的角度來看，憲法條約草案不過是個「新瓶裝舊酒」，將行之多年的法規和習慣，集合成一部法典，然後冠上一個新的名詞；但在那些反對歐洲統合者的口中，憲法草約不僅鞏固了聯盟內的超國家結構，還向聯邦建造大幅邁進。與此同時，法律學者則忙於爭辯：憲法草約是否符合憲政主義界定的憲法以及國家憲法必備的功能。本文目的不在參與上述的政治辯論和法律爭議，而企圖引用史考特和拉芬對制度主義的詮釋，從規律、規範和認知「制度三支柱」的角度解析憲法草約主要意涵及其對歐洲統合的影響。作者認為，儘管憲法草約強化了歐盟法律體系、明示歐洲價值並創建各類統合符號，卻斲傷了歐洲聯盟賴以支撐的三個支柱，將促使歐洲統合朝著「不等速」和「政府間互動」的方向發展。作者將這個結果歸咎於九○年代以來歐洲統合理想性的弱化以及歐洲人民對統合運動熱情的迅速消失，並認為要扭轉此一趨勢的惟一途徑是重新論述歐洲統合的理想性並爭取大眾對統合的積極支持。

關鍵字

歐洲聯盟 ； 歐洲憲法 ； 憲政主義 ； 制度主義 ； 歐洲共同體法

並列摘要

From the federalist view, the Draft Constitutional Treaty may appear as nothing more than ”an old bottle for new wine”, while Euro-skeptics will condemn it as a further step toward a European super-state. At the same time, jurists and lawyers are busy arguing whether or not this constitutional treaty has met essential criteria defined by constitutionalism. This paper keeps a distance from those political debates and purely legal arguments and focuses its attention on the degree to which this constitutional treaty may contribute to European Integration as a whole. Based upon the three-pillared institutionalism presented by Scott and then developed by Laffan, the author concludes that this constitutional treaty does not advance European Integration as expected by the federalists. Quite to the contrary, though it consolidates the European Union’s legal system, creates important symbols for Europe, and presents solemnly European values, the treaty may severely cripple the regulatory, normative and cognitive pillars of the European Union. The author attributes such a crippling effect to the rapid decline of enthusiasm for European Integration in the post-Cold War era. Therefore, the best recipe for reorienting this crippled integration is to rekindle public passion for Europe in a new context totally different from that of fifty, or even twenty, years ago.

並列關鍵字

European Union ； European Constitution ； constitutionalism ； institutionalism ； EC law

參考文獻

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European Report

(2003).(Interview with Zanet Ozolina, Prefessor of Department of Political Science of University of Latvia).