移民與基本權利：移民“政治參與權”的提出

Immigrants and Basic Rights: A Proposal on Immigrants' Political Participation Rights

張亞中(Ya-Chung Chang)

《政治科學論叢》 22期 (2004/12) Pp. 67-90

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.22(67-90)

摘要

本文屬於規範性的學術論文，提出「國家應該開放其境內移民的政治參與權」，亦即「移民應該享有適當的政治參與權」。全文分成四個部分，第一、認為移民如果享有「政治參與權」（即參政權），將有助於「接受國家」的社會整合。第二、認為在「全球治理」時代，國家對內權威已經逐漸弱化之際，不應再享有對移民「政治參與權」的控制，而應容許移民參與國家與社會的「治理」。第三、認為人權應該是一個普世價值，只要是居民都應該在其居住的土地上享有適當的政治參與權。第四、對於未來移民應享有的「政治參與權」的範圍提出個人的具體建議。本文主張，第一、移民者只要在移入國家居住某一段時間以上，就可以在該國家次級選舉中享有投票權；第二、移民者只要移入其國家居住某一段時間以上，而持續納稅者，就可以在國家次級選舉中享有被選舉權；第三、合法移民者居住一段時間後，應可自動地取得居住國的國籍；第四、應當從國內與國際兩個層次來共同推動移民「政治參與權」。

關鍵字

移民 ； 全球化 ； 全球治理 ； 政治參與權 ； 開放政治市場

並列摘要

This article proposes that the state should open up political rights for immigrants. In another word, immigrants should be moderately entitled to political participation rights. The article is composed of four parts. It argues in the first part that it would facilitate social integration if immigrants are granted suffrage and other political rights. The second part maintains that the state has witnessed a weakening of its authority with deepening global governance. It thus should loosen its control on immigrants' political rights, and allow them greater space to take part in national and social ”governance.” The third part argues, on the base of human rights as a universal value, that all inhabitants on a state’s territory should enjoy measurable rights of political participation. The fourth part puts forward practical proposals on the scope of political rights immigrants should be entitled to in the future. The main points include: firstly, immigrants should enjoy suffrage in secondary elections after moving into a target nation for a certain period of time. Secondly, immigrants are entitled to candidateship in secondary elections after living in the target nation for a certain period of time and with a record of regular tax paying. Thirdly, legal immigrants automatically acquire citizenship after living in the target nation for a certain period of time. Fourthly, the political rights of immigrants should be promoted from both domestic and international levels.

並列關鍵字

Immigrant ； globalization ； global governance ； political participation rights ； open political market

參考文獻

張亞中(2001)。全球治理:主體與權力的解析。問題與研究。40(4)，1-24。

Apap, Joanna(2002).CEPS (Centre for European Policy Studies) Working Document No.180.

Borjas, George J.(1999).Heaven's Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy.New Jersey:Princeton University Press.

Cohen, Robin,Paul Kennedy(2000).Global Sociology.N.Y.:New York University Press.

Commission on Global Governance(1995).Our Global Neighbourhood.Oxford:Oxford University Press.