從地方治理論臺灣地方政治發展的基本問題

Problems with the Development of Local Politics in Taiwan: A Perspective on Local Governance

趙永茂(Yung-Mau Chao)

《政治科學論叢》 31期 (2007/03) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.31(1-38)

摘要

臺灣地方政治與民主發展現階段，仍處在地方無權、地方政府失能，地方政治生態惡化，民選政治權力過度擴張壟斷，政治過程封閉，公共資源被寡佔，以及地方派系、家族樁腳及黑金勢力分贓地方政經資源的狀態中。雖然臺灣在地方民主發展中，已有一定程度的地方自治、選舉經驗與成就，也順利進行政黨執政權力的轉移，但卻對這些民選立法與行政領導者公共權力的運用無法約制，以致使地方的民主發展很難進行深層的建構。它需進行更多的政治生態、文化與制度的重建，及政府及公共能力的發展。其中似可參考英、美等國家的發展經驗，先增強地方政府的自治權力與能力；發展地方公民社會組織，並在公共事務上致力建構公民社會與政府雙元共構體系。尤其應早日完成制定地方陽光法體制與運作機能，防止地方政治權力的濫用及腐化，擴大公民社會參與公共事務的管道與機會。此外，亦應積極進行修訂或建立相關法制，獎勵（助）各級地方政府間發展府際合作與跨域管理機制，並加強各級政府與民間的各種合夥與合作關係，建立公共政策與公共服務網絡，結合政府的有限資源與民間資源，強化公民社會的公共責任，提升公共監督與防腐力，期能早日在臺灣建立一個成熟、發展的地方民主社會。

關鍵字

地方治理 ； 黑金政治 ； 公民社會 ； 民主鞏固

並列摘要

The development of democracy in Taiwan has shown itself to be successful in local self-government and democratic elections; it has even completed the peaceful transition of central ruling parties through means of election. However, there are still some symptoms of ill-health with the development of local political democracy in Taiwan: the powerlessness and dysfunction of local governments, oligarchy and power abuse of elected political bodies, worsening of political ecology and closed political processes in local democracy, problems with monopoly and the spoils system in governing local public resources and the politico-economic interests shown by informal groups such as local factions, families-and-relatives or mafia-and-money (black-gold) coalition. These factors all impede the development of local political democracy consolidation and its deepening in Taiwan.
Reconstructing political ecology, culture, institution, and governance capacity are possible problem-solving strategies. From cases in Britain and the United States, we can find some valuable pragmatic reflections: enhancing the capacity of local government and self-government, empowering local civil social organizations, 'bridge and build' collaborative governance structure to make public sectors and private or social organizations become governing partnerships or networks on divergent public issues and policies. In detail, ”Sunny Acts” should be established, to improve the principles necessary for transparency, openness, participation and accountability, and to prevent and avoid corruption and power abuse within local political bodies. In addition, central government should amend or build relevant laws and regulations that encourage and subsidize local governments in intergovernmental cooperation and cross-boundary management. These strategies on governance capacity-building and institution-building will be good for Taiwan to make strong democracy for local politics development.

並列關鍵字

local governance ； mafia politics ； civil society ； democracy consolidation

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