民主的脆弱性與鞏固：一個敗者同意的視角

Democratic Fragility and Consolidation: A Perspective of Losers' Consent

張傳賢(Alex Chuan-Hsien Chang)

《政治科學論叢》 42期 (2009/12) Pp. 43-83

https://doi.org/10.6166/TJPS.42(43-83)

摘要

轉型期的新興民主國家往往受到來自反對勢力的挑戰，而無法持續維繫穩定的民主政體終告失敗，甚而解體並回歸威權統治。筆者發現傳統政治學研究習於從「多數」的角度觀察民主進程而存在著難以突破的盲點，且無法解決最爲迫切的民主鞏固問題。爲解決這些最根本的問題，筆者主張從「少數同意」的視角出發，針對新興民主國家在民主締造至鞏固的歷程中，指出最爲必要解決的課題：少數與多數的衝突。筆者認爲解決少數與多數之間的衝突達成民主鞏固的方法有四個：開放性的競爭環境、建立可爲少數接受的制度化官僚機制、擴大公共參與及尋求國際組織協助。

關鍵字

民主鞏固 ； 選舉式民主 ； 少數同意 ； 民主脆弱性 ； 選舉合法性

並列摘要

Due to challenges from political opposition, some fledgling democracies cannot maintain democratic stability and eventually breakdown. This paper finds that because students of democratization tend to rest their theories on a majority perspective, they cannot solve the substantive deadlock faced by new democracies: the conflicts between the majority and minority. To address this problem and to provide useful suggestions for new democracies, this paper suggests a perspective of minority consent and puts forward four suggestions for preventing majority-minority conflicts and consolidating developing democracies: expanding the level of political competition, establishing bureaucratic independence and autonomy, expanding public participation, and requesting assistance from international organizations.

並列關鍵字

Democratic Consolidation ； Electoral Democracy ； Minority Consent ； Democratic Fragility ； Electoral Legitimacy

參考文獻

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