The Myth of Social Role and Stress

社會角色與壓力的迷思

胡幼慧(Yow-Hwey Hu) ； 陳秋瑩(Chiu-Yin Chen)

《婦女與兩性學刊》 3期 (1992/03) Pp. 25-39

https://doi.org/10.6255/JWGS.1992.3.25

摘要

本研究旨在檢驗「多重角色造成壓力」的假設，並從角色的內涵及照顧者的觀點進行探索。以台北市320位30-50歲已婚婦女的訪問結果顯示，同一角色的要求程度，在樣本群中差異極大，因此，社會角色不宜被視爲一固定的東西，在不同的角色中，婦女認爲角色要求大的以「母親」角色比例最高，其次爲「媳婦」角色，工作和妻子的角色要求卻並不高。值得一提的是，角色要求雖與角色壓力呈正相關，但追問高壓力者的理由時，卻發現其自覺壓力很少來自工作的負荷量本身，而是來自對角色關係中被照顧者問題的擔心和困擾，以及缺乏回報的非互惠關係特質，因此，本研究的結論爲角色壓力與角色多重性的關聯較少，與角色對象的關係及照顧的內涵關聯較大。

關鍵字

角色壓力 ； 照顧者負荷

並列摘要

This study examines the assumption that compounding roles compounds stress and explores an alternate vision emphasizing the care content of roles and perception of care givers. Interviews of 321 urban Taiwanese married women, aged 35-50, with multiple roles probed social background, roles, level of demand stemming from each role, level of stress perceived for each role, and reasons why certain roles are evaluated as stressful. Results were as follows: The level of demand for each role varies greatly across the sample and challenges the notion of role as a fixed object. Women saw the mother role as very demanding. A high proportion found the role of daughter-in-law quite demanding, a finding not likely to be duplicated in the West. Counter to expectation, roles of worker and of wife are deemed less demanding. The rankings of stressful roles correlate with evaluations of role demand; however, reasons appear to be less related to the physical work load than to the worry and distress of the caring process attached to the role. The difficulties of the object of care become the problems of the career; that is especially stressful where the care is not reciprocal. The paper concludes that difficulties associated with multiple roles are less a function of the number of roles and more a matter of the caring in the roles.

並列關鍵字

Role Stress ； Caregiver's Burden