花蓮地區山藥主要病蟲害發生調查及防治研究

Study of Incidences and Control of Major Pests on Yam, Dioscorea spp. in Hualien Area

楊大吉(Ta-Chi Yang)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 23期 (2005/10) Pp. 16-29

https://doi.org/10.6957/RBHDAIS.200510.0016

摘要

經調查鑑定花蓮之山藥（Dioscorea spp.）共有14種主要病蟲害。山藥生育初期尚無病蟲害出現，5月起出現黑盲椿（Harpedona marginata Distant）、柑桔粉介殼蟲（Planococcus citri（Risso））與葉蟎（Tetranychus spp.）為害葉片；6～9月為為害高峰期，以黑盲椿為害較嚴重，常導致葉部黃化落葉。另有旋花微刺薊馬（Dendrothripoides innoxius（Karny））為害嫩梢，嚴重時造成心葉萎縮，生長不良。菝契長頸金花蟲（Lilioceris sp.）零星取食嫩梢。螺旋粉蝨（Aleurodicus dispersus Russell）、斜紋夜蛾（Spodoptera litura（Fabricius））、黃腹斜紋天蛾（Theretra nessus（Drury））、青銅金龜（Anomala spp.）等零星為害葉片。病害方面有炭疽病（Colletotrichum spp.）、莖枯病（Phompsis spp.）分別為害葉片及莖部。山藥塊根則有根蟎（Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede）及根瘤線蟲（Meloidogyne sp.）及根腐線蟲（Pratylenchus coffeae）為害。以毆殺滅溶液1000ppm浸漬山藥種薯20～30分鐘對根瘤線蟲防治率可達100%。黑盲椿室內藥劑篩選結果以益達胺1500 ppm、畢芬寧1500 ppm、亞滅培4000 ppm及第滅寧1500 ppm防治效果較好。炭疽病則以免賴得3000 ppm、撲克拉3000 ppm及貝芬硫醌1000 ppm有明顯抑制效果。

關鍵字

山藥 ； 病蟲害 ； 防治

並列摘要

Forteen major pests of yam have been identified in Hualien area. There were no pests on yam at the early stage of planting. The mirid bug (Harpedona marginata Distant), scale insect (Planococcus minor (Maskell)) and leaf mites could cause leaf damage of yam after April and the population reached the peak between June and September. Thrips (Dendrothripoides innoxius (Karny)) and leaf beetle (Lilioceris sp.) damaged yam bud and caused bud wither. There were anthoracose (Colletotrichum spp.) and stem blight (Phompsis spp.) caused leaves and stems damage. Bulb mites (Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede) and Meloidogyne sp. may damage yam root tuber. A 100% control rate of root-knot nematode was obtained by dipping yam tube in 1000 ppm 24% oxamyl solution for 20 minutes. The density of mirid buds was decreased significantly when treated with imidacloprid, bifenthrin, acetamiprid or deltamethrin. The damage of anthoracose could be control by using of benomyl, prochloraz or carbendazim + dithianon.

並列關鍵字

yam ； Dioscorea ； incidence ； pest ； control