花蓮地區山蘇主要病蟲害發生調查及防治研究

Study of Incidences and Control of Pests of Bird Nest Fern, Asplenium spp. in Hualien Area

楊大吉(Ta-Chi Yang)

《花蓮區農業改良場研究彙報》 23期 (2005/10) Pp. 30-39

https://doi.org/10.6957/RBHDAIS.200510.0030

摘要

本研究完成花蓮地區山蘇之12種主要病蟲害之為害生態調查及4種最重要病蟲害（柚葉並盾介殼蟲Pinnaspis buxi、蝸牛蛞蝓snails and slugs、輪紋病Fusarium sp.、葉芽線蟲（Aphelenchoides fragarieae）之田間發生變動監測。山蘇葉片於多雨、日照不足之陰濕條件下有輪紋病發生，葉芽線蟲則周年零星為害葉片。白絹病（Sclerotium rofsii Sace）為害心葉部分造成植株死亡。柚葉並盾介殼蟲周年呈局部分佈，棲息取食於中、下葉部位，影響光合作用，造成植株發育不良，以夏季高溫時蔓延速度較快。蝸牛及蛞蝓取食嫩葉之葉肉，造成大片之食孔，影響產量甚鉅。柚葉並盾介殼蟲以畢芬寧、益達胺、馬拉松及苦楝油防治效果較佳；蝸牛及蛞蝓類未防治時為害率在31－34%間，被害株率更高達90%，以6%聚乙醛餌劑處理14日後其為害率降為11.7%，被害株率降為38.3%。

關鍵字

山蘇 ； 病蟲害 ； 防治

並列摘要

The 12 major pests of bird nest fern in Hualien area were identified, and the incidence and infection rate of four important pests: Pinnaspis buxi, snails and slugs, Fusarium sp. and Aphelenchoides fragarieae were surveyed around the year respectively. Fusarium leaf blight was found on bird nest fern leaf under condition of high humidity and weak sunlight. Leaf nematode (A. fragarieae) damaged fern leaf all around the year. A few ferns may dead because of infesting Southern blight (Sclerotium rofsii Sace). The scale insect (Pinnaspis buxi) sucks the sap from leaves and decreased leaf growth rate. Snail and slug may feed on fern leaf and causes leaf holes and yield loss. The scale insect may control well by bifenthrin, imidacloprid, malathion and acetamiprid. The using of 6% Metaldehyde RB may decrease the incidence from 31-34% to 11.7% 14 days after treatment and infection rate from 90% to 38.3%.

並列關鍵字

bird nest fern ； Asplenium ； incidence ； pest ； control