茶菁瓦斯紅外線萎凋機之研究

Studies on the Gas Infrared Machine for Withering Fresh Tea Leaves

阮助明(Juh-Ming Roan) ； 盛中德(Chung-Teh Sheng) ； 張連發(Lian-Fua Chang) ； 雷鵬魁(Perng-Kwei Lei)

《農業機械學刊》 9卷2期 (2000/06) Pp. 39-49

https://doi.org/10.30062/JAM.200006.0004

摘要

高級部份發酵茶爲台灣甚具市場競爭潛力之特作農產品，其製造過程包括日光萎凋、室內萎凋、攪拌、炒菁、揉捻、乾燥與烘焙等步驟，其中以萎凋加工影響製茶品質最爲直接。日光萎凋乃藉太陽光中之紅外線輻射熱能，促使茶菁部份水分蒸發消失的傳統萎凋法；但由於日光受自然氣候之影響，尤其高山茶區常受濃霧籠罩，日照時間較短且山區午後多雨，造成採摘後的茶菁無法進行正常萎凋作業；致成茶品質降低，影響茶農收益。本研究針對前述之問題，研製完成一連續式茶菁瓦斯紅外線萎凋機，該機每小時約可萎凋加工60公斤之茶菁，應足以處理一般茶農手採茶菁量之萎凋作業。以紅外線萎凋茶菁後所產製之成茶，茶葉外觀色澤顯著比日光萎凋好，其餘官能品質及總品質皆與日光萎凋處理者無明顯差異，顯示紅外線可取代太陽光，使茶菁之萎凋作業不受天候影響。茶菁以日光或紅外線進行萎凋，其含水率及萎凋時間之間有很高之相關性。紅外線萎凋之茶菁重量減少率及平均萎凋速率皆比日光萎凋者高，顯示前者可以提高作業效率。本萎凋機之作業成本爲4.63元／公斤，雖然比傳統日光萎凋高，但紅外線萎凋法可以克服天候不良之問題，很適合高山茶區茶葉經營班共同購置利用，大幅降低作業成本。

關鍵字

紅外線 ； 萎凋機 ； 茶菁 ； 部份發酵茶

並列摘要

Partially fermented tea with high quality is one of the most popular agricultural products with good market potential in Taiwan. The procedures for its production involves solar withering, indoor withering, shaking, panning, shaping, drying and baking. Withering process most directly affects tea quality. Solar withering is the traditional method by solar radiation for evaporating the moisture from fresh tealeaves, but it is restricted by local climates, especially in mountain areas with out enough solar energy due to fogs, afternoon shower, and shorter sunlight hours. These unfavorable conditions often lead to poor tea quality because harvested fresh tealeaves could not be properly withered. A continuous type of infrared withering machine was developed and tested in this study. There were no significant differences between qualities of tea withered by solar and infrared energy. However, the color of tea product by infrared withering method was significantly better than that by solar withering. Moisture loss was highly correlated to withering time. Weight reduction and average reduction rate by the infrared withering method was better than those by solar withering, which indicated that the efficiency of withering operation was improved by using the developed machine. The capacity of this new machine was 60 kg/hr. The operational cost for this machine was NT $ 4.63/kg.Although the operational cost was higher than the traditional method, the new machine could be operated anytime regardless of the weather. Thus, it is suitable for tea co-ops to purchase. Jointly owning and operating this machine will greatly reduce their operational costs.

並列關鍵字

Infrared ； Withering Machine ； Fresh Tea Leaves ； Partially Fermented Tea