附掛式仙草收穫機之開發

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOUNTED-TYPE HSIAN-TSAO (MESONA PROCUMBENS HEMSL.) HARVESTER

林建志(Jian-Jhih Lin) ； 林詠洲(Yong-Chou Lin) ； 邱相文(Hsiang-Wen Chiu)

《農業機械學刊》 30卷1期 (2021/03) Pp. 1-8

摘要

本研究目的為開發附掛式仙草收穫機來取代傳統的人力收穫方式，以期達到節省農民仙草收穫之時間與勞力成本與提升收穫效率。研究方法應用電腦模擬分析方式進行輕量化設計，以提升本機之功能及效率，並降低製造成本。附掛式仙草收穫機分成收穫、輸送及翻轉等三組機構，作業時收穫機構可鏟入農田土壤內，利用曳引機動力將其往前拖曳，將仙草植株從土壤中鏟起，然後再透過輸送機構上特殊設計之爪型機構將仙草上提拉離農田，並於輸送過程中將仙草根部之泥塊等震落，最後再利用翻轉機構對仙草進行翻轉作用，使其根部向上。田間試驗結果顯示，機械收穫效率為0.307 ha/h，人工收穫效率為0.0125 ha/h，機械收穫效率約為人工之24倍，可降低收穫成本約新臺幣27,800－34,300元／公頃，而機械造成作物損失率平均約6.14%；輕量化後之仙草收穫機機械收穫效率與原型差異不大，因翻轉機構與本機配重失衡之緣故，導致機械造成作物損傷率高達19.84%、收穫深度容易受地形影響等不良現象發生，需重新考慮配重問題，以達到本研究原本預期之目的。

關鍵字

仙草 ； 收穫機 ； 作物損傷率

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to develop a mounted-type Hsian-tsao harvester to replace the traditional manual harvesting method, expecting to save farmers' working-hour and labor costs for harvesting Hsian-tsao, as well as to improve the harvesting efficiency. This study utilizes computer simulation analysis method to carry out lightweight design as to improve the functions and efficiency of the mechanisms, also to reduce manufacturing costs. The mounted-type Hsian-tsao harvester is divided into three mechanisms: harvesting, conveying and flipping. During operation, the harvesting mechanism can be shoveled into the farmland soil, and the tractor is used to drag it forward to separate the Hsian-tsao from the soil, and the Hsian-tsao is pulled away from the farmland through the specially designed claw-shaped mechanism on the conveying mechanism. And in the process of conveying, the soil block at the root of the Hsian-tsao is shaken down, and finally the flipping mechanism is used to turn the Hsian-tsao upside down so that the root is upward. The field test results showed that the mechanical harvesting efficiency is 0.307 ha/h, the manual harvesting efficiency is 0.0125 ha/h, therefore, the mechanical harvesting efficiency is about 24 times that of labor, which can reduce the harvest cost by NT$27,800-34,300/ha. The average crop loss rate caused by machinery is 6.14%. The harvesting efficiency of the lightweight Hsian-tsao harvester is not much different from the prototype. Due to the imbalance between the flipping mechanism and the counterweight of the machine, the mechanical damage rate of crops is as high as 19.84%. The harvest depth is easily affected by terrain and other undesirable phenomena occur, so the counterweight problem needs to be reconsidered to achieve the original expected goal of this study.

並列關鍵字

Hsian-tsao ； Harvester ； Crop damage rate