The purpose of this paper is to systematically explore how public management theory is transformed from customer-oriented “New Public Management(NPM)” to citizenship-oriented “New Citizenship Governance(NCG).” First, this writer described the background and propositions of NPM, focusing upon the theoretical foundation of new classical economics, new economic institutionalism and public choice school. Second, how the governance approach and citizenship orientation is integrated into NCG based upon post-modernism. Finally, the author urged public managers and researchers to pay full attention to the transition of public management theory in post-modernist society.