國中學生神經系統之概念發展

Conceptual Development of the Nervous System of Junior High School Students

沈鴻明(Hong-Ming Shen) ； 蔡長添(Chang-Tein Tsai)

《科學教育》 7期 (1996/04) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.6767/JSE.199604.0001

摘要

本研究的目的爲探討國中學生對生物科內容中神經系統概念的發展情形。研究樣本取自臺灣省中、南部隨機抽取之六所學校，每校二至四個班級。研究方法是在神經系統單元教學前對學生施以前測，樣本人數538人；教學後對相同學生施以後測，並對學生晤談，後測樣本人數536人，晤談樣本12人；教學後約四個月，施以保留測驗，樣本爲自研究樣本中隨機抽取一校之二個班級，共75人。
測驗的結果，前測的平均答對率爲30.6%，後測的平均答對率爲52.7%。由各試題的通過率可知，在神經系統概念學習以前，有60%以上的學生已具備了神經系統的主要功能、大腦有思攷功能、腦的區分、感覺神經可以將刺激傳導至腦等概念；在學習神經系統單元之後，30%以上學生學會的概念有刺激的定義、中樞神經的定義、受器可以接受刺激、膝反射。
保留測驗的平均答對率爲47.5%，與後測的平均得分率比較，在學習神經系統約四個月後，學生遺忘的概念數量並不多，較容易遺忘的概念爲反射動作和神經傳導等方面的概念。10%以上學生遺忘的概念爲脊隨是軀榦和四肢的反射中樞、脊神經的功能、分辨反射動作、腦包含延腦、受器可接受刺激、腺體分泌是反應的一類等。

並列摘要

This study was attempted to investigate the conceptual development of the nervous system of junior high school students. The subjects were randomly selected from six junior high schools in central and southern Taiwan. They took a test before and after instruction, respectively. After posttest, the researcher had an interview individually with twelve students randomly selected from the subjects. About four monthes after instruction, a retention test was given to 75 students randomly selected from two classes of one school.
The results of the interview and the tests indicated that:
1. before instruction, more than sixty percent of the students held certain concepts about the main functions of the nervous system, the intellctual function of the cerebrum, and the brain composed of cerebrum and cerebellum.
2. after instruction, more than thirty percent of the students got concetps of stimulus, receptors, central nervous system (CNS), and Knee-jerk reflex.
3. four monthes after instruction, more than ten percent of the students forgot concepts of receptors, functions of the spinal nerves, distinctions between reflexes and non-reflexes, and the brain consisting of medulla.
During the period of learning the nervous system, students generated many misconceptions. They were always unable to distinguish some parts with similar names and/or similar functions of the nervous system such as afferent nerves and efferent nerves. Some students misunderstood the contents in the textbook, and some students could not give accurate definitions of certain concepts such as reflexes.