錢穆先生思想中的陽明圖像

陽明學是錢先生在理學研究領域所跨出的第一步。在一九五五年出版的《陽明學述要》中，對陽明的定位，大體上是以「解決宋學所遺留的問題」此角度來看待。之後錢先生逐漸將重心轉向朱子學的研究，除了遍覽朱子著述，更有《朱子新學案》之巨著問世。他說：「通讀朱子語類百四十餘卷……因於朱學深有體悟……於舊見頗有更變」，又透過朱子學的流衍考而「深覘王學的病痛所在」。於是在後來〈陽明良知學述評〉、〈讀陽明傳習錄〉、〈說良知四句教與三教合一〉……論文中，對陽明多所批判。於是錢先生所理解的陽明思想顯然呈現出兩種圖像，這前後是否有天壤之別的轉變？本文首先將兩個時期所畫構出來的陽明圖像清晰顯影，之後將兩張“同體異象”的圖畫加以比對，探討其差別，再進一步從中探討圖畫背後的構圖理論，最後再探究此遷衍所代表的意義，期能對錢先生的思想有更深層的理解。

關鍵字

錢穆；王陽明；陽明學；致良知；宋明理學

並列摘要

Yang-ming study (陽明學) is Chian Mue's (錢穆) first step in Sung Ming Confucianism (理學). On his publication Yang-ming Study Selection (《陽明學述要》) in 1955, Chian defined Yang-ming's thinking mainly with ”To solve the problems left over by Sung's Confucianism.” Afterwards Chian gradually shifted his focus to Chuzhi study(朱子學) with his great achievement Chuzhi New Discovery (《朱子新學案》) coming after thorough studying of Chuzhi. Chian remarked ”I've read through Chuzhi's writings more than 140 books....I've developed a deep understanding over chuzhi study...I now see something I didn't in the past”, besides, Chian Mue ”detected what were the weak points in Wang Yang-ming's thinking.” As a result, Chian later offered numerous critics over Yang-ming's study at his theses, e.g. ”A critic over Yang-ming's innate knowledge (〈陽明良知學述評〉)”, ”Reflections over Yang-ming's Ch'uan-hsi lu (〈讀陽明傳習録〉)” or ”Reflections over innate knowledge (〈說良知四句教與三教合一〉)”. It seems that Chian Mue saw two different pictures from Yang-ming thinkings, and is there a huge conversion between these two? This essay first aims at portraying the two Yang-ming images made by Chian Mue, and then make a comparison of them discussing the variations and difference. Finally, we will investigate the meaning of variations as such in order to have a better understanding over Chian Mue's thinking.