實踐的詮釋：王船山“化天之天為人之天”的理解

在船山學中，「人」是天地之心，「人」是「道」之所創化，「道」之意義則是通過「人」被揭示。「人－道」形成了－「詮釋的循環」(hermeneutical circle)，而且亦構成了一創造的循環(creative circle)。所謂的「人－道」的「詮釋的循環」之關係，其意指著「道」之創造「人」，此即是「道」之詮釋「人」，「人」道德實踐地揭示「道」，此即是「人」之詮釋「道」，故謂「道」與「人」有著相互性的創造關係。此種「人－道」相互創造的關係，在船山學中即是「化天之天為人之天」。此種天人相互創造性的詮釋是一種歷程與發展，此一歷程可說是「道之在其自己」到「道之對其自己」、「道之為其自己」而發展至「在其自己與對其自己」的統一。天與人的關係可說是「天人同源」與「天人離形異質」之辯證的統一－「天人一體而相通」。在船山學中，天地人我雖離形而異質但卻又能相通，其理論的基礎乃是萬有同源而一體。在此基礎之下，人通過主體間性的交往－「恃物之天以待物」，「恃天之天以待天」，克服了存在之差異性所形成的障隔，人因此而超越了自身存在的有限性而與生活世界萬有取得和諧的統一，「天之天」與「物之天」即是「人之天」，「人之天」同時也即是「天之天」與「物之天」。在此時，人之所以是天地之心是天地之靈，亦因此而得以證成。主體通過交往溝通的方式面對存在的差異性，而不以「主－客」的關系模式，不以主體收攝客之宰制性的方式去面對存在的差異性，這是主體的覺知而非語言系統的認知建構。故能超越克服自身的有限性，進而超越的克服「主體－客體」之對立，進而逹至既不泯除差異性，而又能和諧的達成「天地人我一體而相通」，之「我－你」或「人－道」之主體間性之交往的和諧整體。

關鍵字

天之天；人之天；我－你；我－它；詮釋的循環

並列摘要

In the ship orography, ”the person” is heart of the world, ”the person” is ”the road” creates, ”the road” the significance is passes ”the person” to promulgate. ”The person-road” has formed one ”the annotation circulation” (hermeneutical circle), moreover also constituted a creation circulation (creative circle). So-called ”person road” ”the annotation circulation” the relations, its Italy refers to ”the road” the creation ”the person”, this is ”the road” the annotation ”the person”, ”the person” the moral practice promulgates ”the road”, this is ”the person” the annotation ”the road”, therefore says ”the road” and ”the person” has the creation relations. This kind ”the person-road” mutually creates the relations, in the ship orography are ”day of day of manner the day”. This kind of beauty mutual creative annotation is one kind of course and the development, this course may say is ”in its own” ”to its own”, ”develops for its own” to ”in its own and to its own” the unification. The day and person's relations may say is ”the beauty homology” and ”the beauty the dialectical unification-” a beauty body is interlinked ”to the shape neterogeny”. In the ship orography, the world person I although but the neterogeny but actually can be interlinked to the shape, its theory foundation is ten thousand has the homology but a body. Under this foundation, person through main body between the contact-”relies on day of the thing to wait for the thing”, ”relies on day of the day to wait for the day”, overcame has bonded separates, the person which difference of the existence formed therefore surmounted own existence limited but to have ten thousandth with life world obtains the harmonious unification, ”day of the day” and ”day of the thing” was ”day of the person”, ”day of the person” at the same time also is ”day of the day” and ”day of the thing”. In this time, human therefore is heart of the world is spirit of the world, also therefore but can prove becomes. Main body through contact communication way facing existence difference, but not by ”host-guest” the relational pattern, does not go ruling of way by the main body object facing the existence difference, this is the main body sense knows but the non-language system cognition to construct the construction. Therefore can surmount overcomes own limited, then surmounting overcoming ”the main body-object” the opposition, then reaches to both the difference but and cannot harmonious ”the world person I a body be interlinked” it ”my-you” or ”the person-road” between the main body contact the natural harmonious whole.