痛苦與惡的哲學反省

在歐洲文化中基本上有三種對於「痛苦」與「惡」的解釋：神話的、宗教的與理性的。其中，理性的解釋之合法性在當代受到強烈的質疑，原因是歷來對於「負面」的解釋不是使之合理化，就是取消痛苦與惡的問題。痛苦與惡的理性討論在未來是否可能？這樣的討論是否仍屬於哲學的領域？乃是本文欲解答的問題。本文在方法上先探討不同的世界觀與其「負面」觀之關係，進而反省未來在哲學上解釋痛苦與惡的可加陝。第一部分陳述並批判歐洲文化中不同的解釋系統，第二部分則對上述的問題加以檢討和反省。

關鍵字

負面；世界觀；上帝辯護；有限性

並列摘要

In European culture, there are three kinds of interpretations of suffering and evil: mythic, religious and rational-philosophical. The main criticism against the rational interpretation of suffering and evil in the philosophical tradition is that it either explained away the problem of suffering and evil, or rationalized them as positive ideas, which is far away from the reality of experience. This paper aims to answer the following questions: How is the philosophical discussion of suffering and evil possible? Whether this kind of discussion belongs to the field of philosophy or not? The fist part of it offers a descriptive and critical representation of these interepretations in the development of European cultur. The second one gives a critical reexamination on the possibility of a philosophical discussion of the ”negative”.