憨山德清論莊子的道、真宰與成心

晚明三教合一思潮中，憨山德清（1546－1623）佔有非常重要的地位，已成為當今研究的焦點之一。本文探討憨山如何從佛教之心識觀解釋莊子之「道」、「真宰」，以及「成心」的涵義，並與歷代重要註解做比較，以闡明憨山註解《莊子》的特殊觀念。從佛教之真心的立場而言，憨山之詮解前後一貫。尤其對獨立自存之「道」，應如何詮釋，使其與佛教相通，最能顯示憨山的洞見。又對於「真宰」與「成心」，從具有本體意義之真性、真心來解釋，使其與佛教一致，也與眾不同。經由本文之分析，可以深入了解憨山會通佛莊的理論依據及其效果。

關鍵字

憨山德清；莊子；道；佛教；晚明

並列摘要

In the ideological trend of the syncretism of the three teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism in Late Ming Dynasty, Handshan Deqing (1546-1623) played a very important role and has become one of the current research focuses. This paper will explore Handshan Deqing's interpretations of the meaning of Zhuangzi's ”Dao” (道), ”Zhenzai” (真宰) and ”Chengxin” (成心) from Buddhism's ”View of Mind and Consciousness”, and compare with all past important commentaries to expound Handshan Deqing's special concepts to comment on Zhuangzi.In terms of the Buddhism's ”True Mind”, Handshan Deqing is consistent in his previous and subsequent commentaries. Especially, the interpretations of the syncretism of the independent existence of ”Dao” and Buddhism manifest Handshan Deqing's insight the most. He is also unique in his explanations of the consistency between Buddhism and ”Zhenzai” and ”Chengxin” from the perspective of the ontological ”True Nature” and ”True Mind.” Through the analysis of this paper, the reader can have an in-depth understanding of the theoretical bases and the effects of Handshan Deqing's syncreticism of Buddhism and Zhuangzi.