科學展示的引起動機設計對觀眾參觀行為之影響

Visitor Behavior in Dinosaur Gallery: What Do the Motivated Factors Effect on Visitors?

葉蓉樺(J. H. Yeh) ； 黃佳琳(C.L. Huan)

《高雄師大學報：自然科學與科技類》 19期 (2005/12) Pp. 123-133

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJST.200512.0123

摘要

科學展示有助於大眾對科學概念或科技發展的瞭解，由於觀看展覽的動機除了教育訴求之外，亦具有娛樂成份在內；因此科學展示為了與其它娛樂活動競爭觀眾來訪，必需在展設中加入吸引觀眾的設計元素。這類設計元素通常是融入高科技產物、具有強烈的視覺或聲光刺激，但不一定以科學概念傳遞為目標。此種設計在非制式學習環境中，是否會左右觀眾接觸展示目標所欲傳達的科學概念而影響對科學的學習，目前未見相關的研究。本文將觀眾在展場內的展品參觀次序、個別展品的停留時間及停留時的行為（如閱讀、討論、注視展品局部）定義為「學習行為」，以觀察記錄及晤談，探討在國立自然科學博物館「恐龍時代」展示廳更新前後觀眾學習行為有何異同，及其可能的原因。研究發現：引發觀眾興趣而設計的新展品，使總參觀停留時間略減，但觀眾停留在此的時間超過總參觀時間的一半；引發觀眾興趣的設計引發同行者間的交談，且觀後反應環繞在此展品上；觀眾參觀路徑顯示其並未接受到展廳策畫者對展品間關係的詮釋方式。從解說文本焦點選擇、文本結構及表達型式等方面提出改進的建議。

關鍵字

非制式學習環境 ； 科學展示分析 ； 觀眾行為

並列摘要

Science exhibitions face strong competitions in terms of visitors' visit with theme parks, cinemas, and other entertainments facilities. It makes exhibition developer put a lot of motivated factors in exhibits, and seemed vague in the demand of an exhibition between education approach and economic approach. Do these motivated factors work? Would they enhance or obstruct visitors' learning? How do visitors feel about them? This study tried to figure out the questions above. This study was conducted by visitors' route record in Dinosaur Gallery, National Museum of Natural Science. Route record included the time visitor stop in front of each exhibit, and brief depiction about what they were doing then. Analysis of the sequence of visitors' passing the gallery by Chi-square got a visit pattern in the gallery. Research found the motivated factors influence visitors' interpretation about the relationship between exhibits. According on the findings, several suggestions are made for the improvement of the gallery.

並列關鍵字

informal learning environments ； science exhibition analysis ； visitor behavior

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