李斯特交響詩《理想》中形式理念的探討

A Study of Formal Concept in the Symphonic Poem "Die Ideale" of Liszt

王惠民(Huei-Ming Wang)

《高雄師大學報：人文與藝術類》 21期 (2006/12) Pp. 123-138

https://doi.org/10.7060/KNUJ-HA.200612.0123

摘要

李斯特以席勒的詩為藍本所譜寫的交響詩《理想》，是他唯一一首把文字化的具體內容直接置於總譜內相關音樂段落之前的交響詩。文字裡所呈現的內容明確地決定了音樂的流程，成為音樂內容的基礎。這種結合非音樂自身要素的創作方式引起形式主義音樂美學家嚴厲的批評。然而從樂曲整體的流程觀之，這首交響詩真的完全是如同形式主義者所指摘的毫無形式可言？詩句的安插只是為了要更明確、具體地表達音樂的意涵，而無其他作用？本文從李斯特交響詩美學的爭議和學者們對本交響詩研究的論點為始，接著從動機主題關係、調性以及速度變換等創作技術層面，觀察奏鳴曲式與奏鳴曲套曲形式特徵，及其引伸出來結構上的雙重功能或多樂章的單一樂章形式，主題轉變在形式建構上所扮演的角色；再藉由交響詩想法形成的背景，探討席勒的詩《理想》，並觀察李斯特如何運用席勒的詩，將其安排在樂曲中，並符合傳統曲式中各主題在樂曲不同段落中所具有的功能，而顯現出其音樂的形式，成為一首有體系的器樂曲。

關鍵字

李斯特 ； 交響詩 ； 標題音樂 ； 形式

並列摘要

”Die Ideale” after Schiller's verses is the only symphonic poem in which Liszt puts the poetic fragments and adds his own words before the related musical sections. The texts clearly decide the course of music. Formalists disapprove of this kind of connection between non-musical and musical elements. By examining the musical course as a whole however, is there really no music form in it? What were the possible purposes of the composer to insert the poetic fragments before their related musical sections except to express the meanings of the music more precisely? At the beginning of this paper the aesthetical debate and researches of this composition will be discussed. To find out formal features of the sonata form and the cyclic form through the compositional techniques such as the motive coherence, tonal planning, and tempos change is the next step, and the so-called double structural function or multi movements in one movement and the role of the theme transformation played in them will also be considered. Finally, an analysis of Liszt's ways of insertion will be done in order to find out whether it is possible by cutting and adding new words that the conventional form schemata could be revealed, so that ”Die Ideale” becomes a work of his own category.

並列關鍵字

Franz Liszt ； Symphonic poem ； program music ； form

參考文獻

(1886).Eduard Hanslick, CBncerte, Componisten und Virtuosen der letzten fünfzehn Jahre.Berlin:

(1894).`»die Ideale« (Symphonie en trBis parties)` Franz Liszt, Briefe.Leipzig:Breitkopf.

Alfred Heuß(1911).Zeitschrift der Internationale Musikwissenschaft.

Carl Dahlhaus,Carl Dahlhaus (Edited)(1980).Die Musik des 19. Jahrhunderts (.Wiesbaden:Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft AthenaiBn.

Carl Dahlhaus,Carl Dahlhaus (Edited)(1980).Die Musik des 19. Jahrhunderts (.Laaber:Laaber.