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The Vocal Repertoire of Formosan Macaques, Macaca cyclopis: Acoustic Structure and Behavioral Context

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In this paper, we present data on the physical structure of vocalizations for the 1st time recorded from wild Formosan macaques, Macaca cyclopis, at Mt. Longevity, Taiwan. Field observations and spectrographic analysis of sound recordings of Formosan macaques revealed 25 basic patterns with 35 repertoires. Formosan macaques employ a complex vocal system composed of well-separated sound classes as well as acoustic categories connected by intermediate gradations. Comparisons of the vocal repertoire of Formosan macaques with those of other species in the genus Macaca indicate some similarities in composition and structural design.

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