Context Sensitive Morphology: Adaptations of English and French Verbs into Kirundi

受語境影響的構詞現象：奇隆地語中英語及法語動詞借字的適應變化

Jeanine Ntihirageza

《Concentric： Studies in Linguistics》 35卷1期 (2009/01) Pp. 65-86

https://doi.org/10.6241/concentric.ling.200901_35(1).0003

摘要

本文探討奇隆地語（屬班圖語的一種）與英語和法語之間的動詞結構中詞彙內語碼轉換的情形。首先，本文描述奇隆地語和法語以及奇隆地語和英語之間的動詞結構內的語碼轉換。接著，本文分析適用在這些語碼轉換的語法限制，並指出當法語動詞借字及英語動詞借字已整合入奇隆地語的結構時，由Poplack (1980)所提出的等值限制和Myers-Scotton(1993)所提出的母語框架等理論已無法解釋這樣的語碼轉換現象。本文最後提出關於語碼轉換的研究應該著重在多種語言的文法變異性，而不是在尋求具普遍性的可預測性法則。

關鍵字

奇隆地語隆地語 ； 語彙內的語碼轉換 ； 動詞結構 ； 構詞適應變化 ； 音韻變化 ； 班圖語

並列摘要

This paper discusses word internal code-switching in verbal structures between Kirundi, a Bantu language, French and English. It first describes code switching in Kirundi-French and Kirundi-English verbal forms. It then analyzes grammatical constraints that apply in code switching, and aims to show that the Equivalence Constraint (Poplack 1980) and the Matrix Language Frame (Myers-Scotton 1993) fail to account for the code switching that occurs when French and English verbs are integrated into Kirundi structure. The paper concludes that research on code switching should focus on the variability of multilingual grammars rather than seeking universal predictive rules.

並列關鍵字

Kirundi Rundi language ； intralexical codeswitching ； verbal structures ； morphological adaptations ； phonological processes ； Bantu languages

參考文獻

Blom, Jan-Petter,John Joseph Gumperz.(ed.),Dell Hymes(1972).Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication.New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Di Sciullo,Annie Marie,Pieter Muysken,Rajendra Singh.(1986).Government and codemixing.Journal of Linguistics.22,1-24.

Eastman, Carol.(1992).Codeswitching.Clevedon:Multilingual Matters.

Fishman, Joshua. A.(1991).Sociolinguistics: A Brief Introduction.Rowley, Massachusetts:Newbury House.

Gumperz, John Joseph.(1982).Discourse Strategies.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.