Phantom limb pain is a painful sensation from the missing limb after amputation. The concept was first mentioned by Ambrose Pare in the mid-16th century. The earliest description " phantom pain" was provided by Silas Weir Mitchell. Fifty to seventy-eight percent of patients experience phantom pain after amputation. In most of the cases, it diminishes with time. But the pain may be severe and disabling. The treatment demands multidisciplinary approaches, including central, peripheral and psychological factors under the background of individual experiences. This paper reviewed the recent published papers regarding the pathophysiology and treatment, such as pharmacological therapy, epidural anesthesia, regional nerve block, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, etc. Although evidences provide inconsistent support for these treatments, this review reminds us about various choices of treatments in the clinical practice.
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