空載光達數值地形產製與地質災害的應用

Airborne LiDAR DEM and Geohazards Applications

侯進雄(Chin-Shyong Hou) ； 費立沅(Li-Yuan Fei) ； 邱禎龍(Cheng-Lung Chiu) ； 陳宏仁(Hung-Jen Chen) ； 謝有忠(Yu-Chung Hsieh) ； 胡植慶(Jyr-Ching Hu) ； 林慶偉(Ching-Wei Lin)

《航測及遙測學刊》 18卷2期 (2014/05) Pp. 93-108

https://doi.org/10.6574/JPRS.2014.18(2).3

摘要

因2009年莫拉克風災造成臺灣中南部地區嚴重的生命財產損失，其中以小林村重大的崩塌事件引起注意，故經濟部中央地質調查所自2010年起，以3年時間利用空載光達進行地形掃瞄，產製1米高解析度數值地形及航照正射影像，藉以建立災後高精度的數值地形資料庫，並應用於地形與水系分析、地質敏感區調查與地質災害潛勢評估等；其中對於潛在大規模崩塌的判釋與調查結果顯示，臺灣中部、南部與東部地區可找出超過數百處可能屬於大規模崩塌的潛勢區域，且對於有聚落保全對象的崩塌潛勢區域設置簡易監測儀器，藉以觀察各崩塌地之滑動趨勢，未來可再針對高活動區域逐步進行細部觀測；目前在尚未得知潛在大規模崩塌區的滑動面位置及深度前，藉由野外調查潛在崩塌區的範圍、地形、裂隙、塌陷等地表的特徵來估算滑動面的位置，以數值模擬推估崩塌的可能影響範圍，可作為後續搬遷、撤離等防災減災之參考資訊。

關鍵字

空載光達 ； 數值地形模型 ； 大規模崩塌 ； 自然災害 ； 全球衛星定位系統

並列摘要

The heavy rainfall of Typhoon Morakot caused severe damage to infrastructures, property and human lives in southern Taiwan in 2009. The most atrocious incident was the Hsiaolin landslide which buried more than 400 victims. Consequently the airborne LiDAR survey was carried out from 2010 to 2012 by Central Geological Survey, MOEA in Taiwan to produce 1m x 1m high resolution DEM and aerial ortho-photo images in order to build up post-disaster high resolution DEM database and apply to such as investigate and analysis for geologically sensitive areas, Geological and Topography characteristics, Potential geological disaster, River system analysis. the key projects is to investigate and analysis large-scale landslides, the result shows that there are hundreds of large-scale landslides area in central, southern and eastern Taiwan. For those potential landslides site near villages, monitoring instruments such as single-frequency GPS, rainfall recorder and electro-optical theodolite have been set up to detect the surface displacement. More monitoring instruments such as tiltmeter, inclinometer, rain gauge, extensometer and Time Domain Reflecometry (TDR) will be deployed in high susceptibility landslide area in the near future.

並列關鍵字

Airborne LiDAR ； DEM ； Catastrophic Landslides ； Natural Hazard ； GPS