國家認同、民族主義與憲政民主：當代政治哲學的發展與反思

National Identity, Nationalism, and Constitutional Democracy: Reflections on Political Philosophy

蕭高彥(Carl K. Y. Shaw)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 26期 (1997/06) Pp. 1-27

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199706.0001

摘要

本文以政治哲學的角度反思國家認同作為政治論述的主要特徵，並嘗試分析臺灣當前國家認同的基本格局。作者指出文化民族主義與憲政愛國主義為國族建構過程的兩個原型，並檢視了當代政治哲學在此議題的理論發展。作者進一步分析臺灣反對運動傳統中本土化與民主化雙元訴求結合了此二原型不同的訴求－情感凝聚力以及理性反思的現代意識。這個格局為李登輝總統所開創的「馬基維里時刻」所解構而成為解嚴後臺灣政治現實性之所在。

關鍵字

國家認同 ； 民族主義 ； 憲政主義 ； 馬基維里主義

並列摘要

This article attempts to analyze the idea of national identity and the debate around this issue in Taiwan from the perspective of political philosophy. I Contend that cultural nationalism and constitutional patriotism are the two prototypes of nation-buliding. The former emphasizes affective solidarity, while the latter highlights the importance of constitutional order in cultivation rational civic consciousness. Recent developments in contemporary political philosophy in the writings of Charles Taylor, Jürgen Habermas, and John Rawls illustrate the relevance of this distinction. I also contend that the mobilization momentum of the opposition movement in Taiwan before the lifting of martial laws originated from the subtle synthesis of cultural nationalism and democratization. This synthesis comes to a halt when president lee Teng-hui's Machiavellianism disentangles these two prototypes and crafting his populist authoritarian rule.

並列關鍵字

national identity ； nationalism ； constitutionalism ； Machiavellianism