威而鋼論述的分析―現代用藥與身體管理

On Viagra: Modern Drug-Use and Body Management

甯應斌(Yin-Bin Ning)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 33期 (1999/03) Pp. 225-252

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199903.0006

摘要

在流行的威而鋼論述中，威而鋼充滿了風險：男人的健康、女人的身體、家庭和諧、兩性關係、性道德都因為威而鋼而陷入危險。
威而鋼的風險論述，除了建構「性是危險的」之類的性控制意義外，還有另外一個現代的意義來源，亦即，現代性(modernity)的風險論述（A.Giddens與U.Beck）。威而鋼作為一種有別於傳統藥物的現代「性藥」，被納入一般現代藥物的典型風險論述。事實上，威而鋼的用藥模式基本上就是現代用藥的一般模式；形成現代用藥模式的因素也同樣地形成了威而鋼的用藥。威而鋼與其他現代藥物不同的是：威而鋼亟需性解放。
本文指出現代用藥是現代生活的一部份，是為了應付生活需要的身體管理，因而也同時是一種生活方式的選擇。這使得現代用藥的政治還包括了人生政治。
現代用藥的風險是現代生活風險的一部份，而且很難區分個人的「用藥」和「濫用藥物」。但是，現代用藥者的能動性不能化約為「資本－國家－科學」的制度結構性產物。就此而論，常見的對醫療化之批評過於簡化。
從現代用藥與身體管理的角度出發，本文針對於主流的威而鋼論述之分析與批判，還透射出歡慶濫用威而鋼的美學經驗。

關鍵字

威而鋼 ； 現代性 ； （濫）用藥 ； 身體管理 ； 風險 ； 春藥 ； 醫療化 ； 生殖器性交 ； 人生政治

並列摘要

In the popular discourse, Viagra has been represented as risky business that could endanger men's health, women's sexuality and body, family harmony, gender equity, sexual morality, etc. The risk of Viagra, although is constructed partially for the social control of sexuality, in fact has its origin in modernity. In this essay, Viagra will be analyzed from the perspective developed by A. Giddens and U. Beck concerning risk and reflexive modernity. I argue that different from traditional aphrodisiacs, Viagra is a genuine modern ”sex drug”. The use of Viagra is not really different from other modern drug-uses, although Viagra has not reached full modernization because of its characteristics as a sex drug.
Modern drug-use is part of modern life and is body management for the purpose of meeting various demands of daily life. In this way, modern drug-use implies choices of life style. Hence, the politics of modern drug-use includes life politics.
The risk of modern drug-use is part of the risk of modern life. This essay argues that today it is difficult to distinguish individual's drug-use from drug-abuse. This essay also shows that the agency of modern drug-(ab) user cannot be reduced to the structural effect of ”capital-state-science” institutions of drug. For this reason, the orthodox ”medicalisation critique” is seen as oversimplified.
In the analysis and criticism of the popular discourse on Viagra, this essay, celebrates the aesthetic dimension in the abuse (excess) of Viagra.

並列關鍵字

Viagra ； modernity ； drug (ab)use ； body management ； risk ； aphrodisiacs ； medicalization ； genital sex ； life politics