新聞紙的壟斷生產與計畫性供應，1945-1967

Monopolized Production and Rationing of Newsprint in Taiwan

程宗明(Hamilton Chung-Ming Cheng)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 36期 (1999/12) Pp. 85-121

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199912.0003

摘要

二次大戰後，台灣與世界同步管制新聞紙張的配銷，然而一項經濟物資的節約措施，卻夾雜了控制政治言論散佈的意圖。國府遷台後，用紙張不足為由進行報紙「限張」。然而新聞紙生產的管制，並非靠政府高壓的威嚇達成，而由國民黨透過「保護主－侍從」關係，趨使台灣工業資本支持政府以「禁止進口、官營獨賣、賺取外匯」作政策指導內涵。同時，國家計劃經濟進程，也以島內紙張高價來補貼外銷的損失，退一步抑制新聞紙消費的成長；新聞主管機構適時地開放「紙張上限」，更可使被扭曲的不公平競爭市場發揮效用，從高成本與低收益，雙面夾殺異議性報業，迫使其被侍從國府的資本兼併。

關鍵字

保護主－侍從 ； 新聞紙 ； 限張 ； 進口替代 ； 紙業 ； 異議性報紙

並列摘要

Though newsprint rationing was a worldwide common practice after the War, the Nationalist regime in Taiwan exploited it, coupled with an import substitute policy of newsprint production monopoliezed by the state, to achieve double political objectives. On the one hand, this party-state groomed a patrion-client relationship with local capitalists. One of the mechanisms involved is that some publishers' newsprint quota was more than their actual consumption levels, they therefore sold the difference in the market and made profits, such illegal behaviours then invite themselves to fall into a trap where they had no choice but to cooperate with the state. On the other hand, since the dissident press had to purchase newsprint at a higher price with insufficient advertising revenues, they ended up having to bring into capitals associated with the KMT and gradually lost their grip or even ceased publication.

並列關鍵字

dissent press ； import substitution ； newsprint ； newsprint rationing ； paper mill ； patron-client

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