演化論適合陳述自由主義嗎?－對哈耶克式論證的反思

Can Liberalism Be Formulated in Evolutionist Terms?-Critical Reflections on F. A. Hayek's Approach to Justifying Liberalism

錢永祥(Sechin Y. ­­-­­­­­­S. Chien)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 46期 (2002/06) Pp. 173-191

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200206.0005

摘要

本文根據自由主義的規範性格和基本關懷所在，對於演化論－以哈耶克的「自發秩序」觀為代表－是否適合作為論證架構，來陳述自由主義，提出質疑。演化論認定，演化結果在評價上必定屬於在某種意義下可欲的事態，自由主義卻會要求根據獨立的道德個人主義作為評價標準，衡量甚至更動演化的結果。因此，兩者雖然有相親之處，本文認為用演化論陳述自由主義並不合適。

關鍵字

演化論 ； 自由主義 ； 哈耶克

並列摘要

This paper argues that evolutionist social theory, F. A. Hayek's idea of spontaneous order being the most sophisticated representative, is not adequate to serve as the conceptual framework for articulating liberalism. It is pointed out that for evolutionist thinking the outcomes of the evolutionary process must always be counted as desirable, hence justified, in some evaluative sense, whereas liberalism wants to evaluate, and when necessary tinker with, such outcomes in accordance with some version of moral individualism as an independent standard. Hence a fundamental difference between the two, in spite of the many affinities found in other respects.

並列關鍵字

Evolutionism ； Liberalism ； F. A. Hayek

參考文獻

Flew, G. N. A.(1967).Evolutionary Ethics.London:Macmillan.

Gray, J.(1998).Hayek on Liberty.London:Routledge.

Hayek, F. A.(1960).The Constitution of Liberty.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.

Hayek, F. A.(1973).Law, Legislation and Liberty, vol. 1: Rules and Order.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.

Hayek, F. A.(1976).Law, Legislation and Liberty, vol. 2: The Mirage of Social Justice.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.