無HOME可歸：公私反轉與外籍家勞所受之時空排斥的個案研究

HOMEless: A Case Study on Theories of Private/Public Inversion and the Temporal/Spatial Exclusion against Migrant Domestic Workers

吳永毅(Yong-Yi Wu)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 66期 (2007/06) Pp. 1-74

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200706.0001

摘要

由於外籍幫傭及監護工的勞動和休息均在雇主家户空間內進行而難以區分其界限，也幾乎沒有隱私和自由，迫使她們只能在假期將原本應為私密之再生產活動，暴露於台灣人優勢異文化的公眾空間。這個強迫出櫃既是歧視的結果，也是其再被確認歧視的原因。具工運視野的北市勞工局於2002年開辦「外勞文化中心」，試圖從實質空間的資源重分配，突破台灣人的空間獨佔權力；承包該中心的「台灣國際勞工協會(TIWA)」將中心取名為HOME (House of the Migrants' Empowerment)，希望成為凝聚外勞主體認同的「政治的家」；實際運作後又意外成為外勞「生活的家」。2004年初勞工局異主，學者出身的新局長以「為達資源有效運用，避免設備於非假日閒置」為由將中心關閉。本研究試圖以此個案說明外傭和中產階級雇主以「括號」與「反括號」策略進行的時空鬥爭，以及學者勞工局長和她所聘之HOME評估委員，如何因為自身中產階級時空慣習，而透過關閉HOME參與了這個階級較勁，更顯示了地方政府難以被進步市民運動真正穿透的保守面向。

關鍵字

外籍家勞 ； 台北市外勞文化中心 ； 公私反轉 ； 空間性社會排斥 ； 再生產活動 ； 晉紳化 ； 中產階級時空慣習 ； 台北市勞工局

並列摘要

This is a case study of the shut-down of HOME (the House for Migrants' Empowerment), a cultural and service center for migrant workers. HOME was founded by the Taipei City Labor Bureau (TCLB) and sub-contracted to TIWA (the Taiwan International Workers' Association) in 2002, when the Director of the TCLB was the former labor activist Chun-chi Zheng (鄭村棋).
The distinction between sold-time and free-time (i.e. the work-rest distinction) is blurred for migrant domestic workers, so that most of their supposedly private reproductive activities are temporally squeezed into holidays and spatially forced into public places where they are exposed to the scrutiny of Taiwanese. This peculiar situation of private-public inversion is the result of racial discrimination and class inferiority in their work place (i.e. the homes of their employers) and also serves to re-enforce that discrimination and inferiority. I use the concept of 'bracketing' to describe the spatial-temporal strategies used by migrant domestic workers against this distorted inversion. I also analyze how employers 'counter-bracket' the subject of migrant workers as a counter strategy.
HOME once existed as a 'surrogate home' which provided shelter for migrant workers to retain privacy during their days off. TIWA conducted organizing-oriented cultural and political activities to assist the migrants in forming their own community, and challenged the spatial hegemony of real estate owners in the ChungShan District. However, when Shang-Luan Yan (嚴祥鸞), a well-known feminist labor research professor, took over the directorship of the TCLB in 2004, she did not appreciate the function of HOME, and decided to close it.
Analyzing official rhetoric in the documents of the TCLB, I find that their decision to shut down HOME was a result of their middle class temporal-spatial 'habitas'. The shut-down became a counter-bracket measure which coincided with the real estate interests of the ChungShan local elites.

並列關鍵字

migrant domestic workers ； the House for Migrant Workers' Empowerment HOME ； private/public inversion ； spatial social exclusion ； gentrification ； middle class temporal-spatial habitas ； the Taipei City Labor Bu

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