獨立的司法、不獨立的法官？民主化後的司法獨立與民主監督

Independent Judiciary, Dependent Judges? Judicial Independence and Supervision under Democracy since Taiwan's Democratization

王金壽(Chin-Shou Wang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 67期 (2007/09) Pp. 1-38

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200709.0001

摘要

本文主要的目的在指出，台灣在民主化後的司法獨立改革，主要在台中地方法院三O三室改革派法官的推動之下，取得一定的進步，主要的司法獨立改革成就包括：事務分配、參與人事審議委員會，和廢除送閱制度。雖然個別的法官的獨立性有些進步，但是妨礙司法獨立的內部控制和階層化，依舊存在。但是，司法作為一個體系，已經擺脫過去政黨和政治人物控制的局面，台灣的司法並不是如一般印象中，缺乏獨立性，相反的在現階段，司法作為一個體系，根本缺乏一有效的民主監督機制，也就是民主政治根本無法監督司法。但同時，由於台灣司法體制的階層化仍然嚴重的存在，因此它變成現階段妨礙司法獨立的最主要因素。很可惜的是，關於民主政治如何監督司法這個關鍵性問題，不僅被過去改革派法官所忽略，即使包括民間司改會等民間改革團體所提出的「民間版法官法」草案，也沒有對此問題給於適當的關注。

關鍵字

司法獨立 ； 民主監督 ； 司法改革 ； 人事審議委員會 ； 事務分配 ； 法官 ； 法官法

並列摘要

This paper argues that judicial independence has been much achieved mainly by the reform actions carried out by the reform-minded judges of the Room 303 at the Tai-chung District Court. The achievements of judicial independence reform included case assignment reform and attending the Judicial Personnel Council. Although the status of individual judge became more autonomous and independent, the internal control and hierarchy of the judiciary still somehow existed. No matter what, political parties and politicians could not control the judiciary anymore. It is not like the common impression that Taiwan's judiciary is lack of independence. On the contrary, democratic politics does not have a proper mechanism to make the judiciary accountable. In the meantime, the hierarchy of the judiciary still exists and it is the most serious issue for judicial independence in Taiwan. So far the issue of the relationship between judicial independence and supervision under democracy did not receive proper attentions either from reform-minded judges or from social movement organizers.

並列關鍵字

Judicial independence ； supervision under democracy ； judicial reform ； judicial personnel council ； case assignment ； judge ； judge law

參考文獻

吳重禮、黃紀(2000)。雲嘉南地區賄選案件判決的政治因素分析：「層狀勝算對數模型」之運用。選舉研究。7(1)，87-113。

Barros, Robert.(2002).Constitutionalism and Dictatorship: Pinochet, the Junta, and the 1980 Constitution.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Burbank, Stephen B.(edited),Barry Friedman.(edited)(2002).Judicial Independence at the Cross-roads.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.

Burbank, Stephen B.,Barry Friedman. (ed.)(2002).Judicial Independence at the Crossroads: An Interdisciplinary Approach.Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.

Cappelletti, Mauro.,S. Shetreet (edited),J. Deschênes.(1985).. Judicial Independence: The Contemporary Debate.Dordrecht:Martinus Nijhoff.