從科技追趕到創新的經濟轉型：南韓、台灣與中國

From Technological Catch-up to Innovation-based Economic Growth: South Korea, Taiwan and China

王振寰(Jenn Hwan Wang)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 68期 (2007/12) Pp. 177-226

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.200712.0004

摘要

本文處理南韓，台灣與中國如何從事科技追趕，以及邁向創新之路。本文以資訊科技產業為例，來分析這三個國家的制度安排，即國家機器、金融體制與產業結構，如何影響其後續邁向創新的途徑。我將指出，南韓政府的發展和人大企業取向，造就了南韓垂直整合的產業結構，其後續的科技發展，就是在規模經濟的基礎上從事科技創新。相對地，台灣的經濟發展並不發展和人大企業，而是以中小企業為主導的產業結構，在科技學習和創新上依賴外部經濟，其後來轉型的科技創新模式傾向國家領導的網絡和聚集經濟的體制。最後，中國的科技產業發展則是以外國投資為主，是由外資帶動的科技學習，而由於後社會主義的制度安排，不利於外資與國內企業，以及大型國營企業與小型企業之間形成生產網絡，而不利於科技的進一步學習邁向創新。本文也討論由於科技路徑的關係，這些不同的制度安排，有利於某些產業而非所有產業類型的發展。

關鍵字

台灣 ； 南韓 ； 中國 ； 東亞 ； 科技學習 ； 科技創新

並列摘要

This paper sets out to analyze the divergent models pursued by South Korea, Taiwan and China in regard to technological catching up and their ongoing transition toward innovation-based economies. By adopting an institutionalist perspective, this paper analyzes how the domestic institutional arrangements of each country, they are the state, the financial system and the industrial structure in each country shape their ways of technological learning and development. It is found that South Korea's former high-debt and chaebol-dominated model favoured it to pursue a scale-based technological development, while Taiwan's former pro-stability, SME-based model tended to favour its emphasis on a state-led innovation network-based technological development. In contrast to the former two cases, China's development of the information technology has largely depended upon foreign direct investments. However, in the development process, the foreign sector has been isolated from the domestic firms, while the domestic industrial sectors have also failed to develop organic linkages among themselves to facilitate technological learning and generate innovation. As a result, China's institutional arrangement has not created a favorable environment for its technologies to further develop toward innovation. This paper also shows that, due to the characteristics of technological trajectory, each model tends to favor some but not all technologies to develop in its territory.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan ； South Korea ； China ； technological learning ； technological innovation

參考文獻

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