視障按摩多元執業類型演變與按摩師弱勢型態分析

司法院大法官會議六四九號釋憲案主張按摩職業保留政策違憲，須修法取消該規定。法界人士批判釋憲文未能說明視障按摩師之弱勢處境，據以作為結論基礎。另方面，按摩師則表達面臨經濟困頓，因而結群靜坐，訴求現金補助。發補助金是否真能解決按摩師的弱勢處境？或者，有其他需要被解決的問題？是本文所關心的問題。本研究以質性探究取向，研究參與者包括不同執業類型的視障按摩師共30名，以及視障服務提供者共7名。資料蒐集以深度訪談為主，輔以焦點團體。本文試圖釐清按摩師的弱勢型態，期望做為未來推展貼近需求的政策與服務之參考。按摩業多年的演變，顯示按摩師為了求生存而發展出多元執業類型，其弱勢型態也呈現差異，需給予針對其所面臨問題的「對症下藥」協助。而集體層次而言，按摩師共同面臨視障按摩專業不被認可，所衍生之專業培訓、考試、職業生涯發展等等方面的限制。因此未來對視障按摩師的輔導，宜著眼於認可並提升視障按摩專業，制度上建立完整之專業培育、考核與發展機制。本研究主張，政策與服務同時處理個別與制度層面，始能協助視障按摩師脫離弱勢處境。

關鍵字

視障按摩師；執業類型；弱勢型態

並列摘要

Following the No. 649 Interpretation of the Constitutional Court, the policy of massage as reserved occupation for visually impaired people, will be abolished in 2011. The Interpretation has been criticized, by some law scholars, as not being able to base its conclusion on clear analyses of the disadvantages of visually impaired massage workers [VIMWs]. On the other hand, VIMWs went on a strike to ask for cash subsidies. Is giving money the only and the best solution? Or, are there other problems to be solved? This question has to be addressed, in order to liberate VIMWs from their disadvantaged positions. This study adopts qualitative approach. Participants include 30 VIMWs and 7 service providers. In-depth interviews and a focus group interview were utilized as data collection methods. This study found that the diversified working styles of VIMWs reveal the different survival strategies as well as varieties of their disadvantaged positions. Whereas, at the collective level, not being recognized as a profession, leads to inadequate professional education, examination, and career development. Therefore, to liberate VIMWs from their disadvantaged positions, assisting individual VIMWs, and developing adequate policies and services at the system level, should both be considered.