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The effects of bioagent-amended potting medium to control Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora capsid and Pythium aphanidermatum for cultivating healthy horticultural crops

改良型栽培介質培育健康園藝作物與防治土媒植物病原的功效

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摘要


從醱酵豬糞堆肥中分離出之特定拮抗菌,分別添加於由泥炭土、(石至)石及醱酵豬糞所組成的栽培介質中;添加的拮抗菌有Bacillus subtilis WK、Trichoderma harzianam 136 、T. koningii 98 、Penicillium citrinum及P. oxalicum。自含有T. harzianum 136的栽培介質中所培育出之甜椒、番茄、胡瓜、觀賞辣椒、百日草、姬向日葵、波斯菊或非洲鳳仙幼苗,於移植到含有Rhizoctonia solani、Phytophthora capsici或Pythium aphanidermatum 的栽培介質中,這些作物的存活率和健康對照組者無顯著性地(P=0.05)差異,而且在栽培介質中含有T. harzianum 136所培育出之甜椒、番茄、胡瓜、百日草、姬向日葵及波斯菊幼苗,移植到含有R. solani的介質中後,生長所得的乾重量顯著地(P=0.05)比健康對照組好;在含有T. harzianum 136栽培介質中所培育出之觀賞辣椒、百日草及非洲鳳仙幼苗,於移植到含有P. aphanidermatum的介質中後,其生長所得的乾重量顯著地(P=0.05)比健康對照組好。添加拮抗菌的栽培介質中的微生物水解Fluorescein diacetate活性及族群數,皆比商品化之栽培介質(BVB #4)者高;若將添加拮抗菌的栽培介質以高溫高壓殺菌處理後,所培育出之胡瓜幼苗,於移植到含有R. solani或P. capsici之介質中後,其存活率及病害嚴重度均如同無防治之對照組般。

並列摘要


Specific antagonistic microorganism which was isolated from composted swine manure was added in the potting medium when needed Potting medium mainly consisted of peat, vermiculite and composted swine manure. These antagonistc microorganisms used in this study were Bacillus subtilis WK, Trichoderma harzianum 136, T. koningii 98, Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum. After transplanting the seedlings of sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber. ornamen pepper, zinnia, sunflower, heliopsis, or impatients which were cultivated in medium containing harzianum 136 or koningii 98 to the Rhizoctonia solani-. Phytoph- thora capsici-, or Pythium aphanidermatum-infested soil, the survivability of these crops was not significantly (P=0.05) different from the healthy control. Trichoderma harzianum 136 or T. koningii 98 in the potting medium provided the capability to reduce the disease severity significantly (P=0.05) than diseased check. When R. solani existed in container mix, the dry weight of sweet pepper, tomato. cucumber, zinnia. heliopsis and cosmos which grew from the potting medium containing T. harzianum 136 were significantly (P=0.05) more than the healthy control. When P. aphanidermatum existed in the soil, dry weight of ornamental pepper, zinnia and impatiens which grew from the potting medium containing T. harzianum 136 were significantly (P=0.05) more than healthy control. The potting medium used in this study had higher flurorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity and more total number of bacteria and Trichoderma spp. than those in commercial potting medium i.e. BVB#4. After autoclaving antagonist amended potting medium, the survival percentage of cucumber reduced and disease severity increased when R. solani or P capsici existed in potting medium.

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