彩色海芋細菌性軟腐病防治方法之探討

Control of Erwinia Soft Rot Disease of Calla Lily

陳俊位( C. W Chen,) ； 林俊義( C. Y Lin)

《植物病理學會刊》 9卷3期 (2000/09) Pp. 107-114

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200009_9(3).0004

摘要

彩色海芋軟腐病(由Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 引起) 為目前台灣海芋栽培上的限制因子。田間觀察26個彩色海芋品種罹患軟腐病之情形，顯示 Pink opal發病率最低(在21~50% 之間) 中等者有Chrystal glow、Soft glow、Hazel marie、Lavender petite、Butter scotch、Innocence、Golden sun、Black eyes beauty、Star light、Sensation、Vanity fair及Melody等12個品種，而發病率(在51%以上)較高者有Florex gold、Pot of gold、Majestic red、Pink persuasion、Cameo、Treasure、Rose queen、Black magic、Chianti 及 Neroli 等10個品種，品種間之發病率與花色無關。利用植栽袋或盆缽充填人工介質種植彩色海芋與土播者比較，除可減少發病率外，並可增加塊莖採收後之重量與品質。在實驗室內測試 9 種殺菌劑及 12 種拮抗微生物 (或試劑) 對軟腐病菌之抑制效果，結果以鏈四環黴素、銅欣錳乃浦及鏈黴素之殺菌效果最好，其它處理之效果不佳。以混合藥劑 C-mix 1 (稀釋 500倍之鏈黴素+鏈四環黴素+銅快得寧) 與稀釋500倍之鏈四環素稀釋500倍之銅鋅錳乃浦及稀釋200倍之鏈黴素分別處理塊莖，發現混合藥劑有促進塊莖發芽之效果，且優於其它三種藥劑。以混合藥劑C-mix 2 (稀釋700倍之鏈黴素+稀釋500倍之鏈四環黴素+稀釋700倍之銅快得寧+稀釋500倍之鈣鎂精+0.1% 次氯酸鈉) 於田間進行防治試驗，發現可抑制罹病株繼續發病之外，並可使未受害之芽點繼續生長發育。

關鍵字

彩色海芋；細菌性軟腐病；軟腐病菌；病害防治；品種；栽植袋；藥劑

並列摘要

The bacterial soft rot disease of calla lily (Zantedeschia) caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is a limiting factor for cultivation of the crops in Taiwan. This study reported some effective control measures, including cultivars, culture media and chemicals, for reducing the serious disease in the field. Among 26 cultivars of calla lily tested in the fields, Pink Opal was lest infected (2.5%) by the Erwinia soft rot bacterium. Infection rate of 3 other cultivars was less than 20%, and these cultivars included Domingue, Inspiration and Pacific Pink. Plants of ]2 cultivars, including Chrystal G]ow, Soft Glow, Hazel Marie, Lavender Petite, Butter Scotch, Innocence, Golden Sun, Black Eyed Beauty, Star Light, Sensation, Vanity Fair and Melody, were 20-50% infected. Whereas 10 cultivars, including Florex Gold, Pot f Gold. Majestic Red, Pink Persuasion. Cameo, Treasure, Rose Queen, Black Magic, Chianti and Neroli. Were highly infected (infection rate＞ 51 %). Compared to those of planted in soil, tubers of calla lily ultivated in culture bags or in pots containing artificial media, such peatmoss+venniculate+perlite, were less infected with the bacterial soft rot disease. Meanwhile, plants of calla lily grew much better and lroduced better tubers both in quality and quantity. More effective chemical bactericides were selected for control of soft-rotting bacterium. Among 8 chemical bacteriocides and 12 microorganisms/bioagents screened, three chemicals including 10% streptomycin + tetracycline, 63%copper oxychloride + mancozeb and 12.5% streptomycin showed high effectiveness in inhibition the growth of the test Erwinia bacterium. Application of a chemical mixture C-mixl (a mixture of 12.5% streptomycin 500X, 10%streptomycin + tetracycline 500X, and 40% oxine- copper + copper hydroxide 500X), compared to the chemicals used individually, to tuberous could stimulate tuber budding and reduce disease incidence of soft rot. Another chemical mixture C- mix2 (mixed with streptomycin 700X, streptomycin + tetracycline 500X, oxine-copper I + copper hydroxide 700X,casicum and magnesium solution 500X and chloral 1000X) sprayed to calla lily plants also decreased infection of tubers by the soft-rotting bacterium and promoted tuber budding and plant growth in the field.

並列關鍵字

bacterial soft rot ； cala lily ； control method ； Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora