Organic Soil Amendments for Control of Apothecial Production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

應用土壤有機添加物防治菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) 產生子囊盤

黃鴻章(Hung-Chang Huang) ； R. Scott Erichson ； 張治(Chi-Chang) ； Jim R. Moyer ； Francis J. Larney ； 黃振文(Jenn-Wen Huang)

《植物病理學會刊》 11卷4期 (2002/12) Pp. 207-214

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200212_11(4).0006

摘要

本研究旨在應用一系列室內實驗來探討土壤有機添加物防治菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)產生子囊盤(apothecia)的效果。將87種農業有機殘留物，包括作物葉，動物糞便及加工副產品等進行測試篩選，結果顯示不同有機物抑制菌核產生子囊盤的效果與它們施用濃度間呈顯著相關性。其中在添加濃度3%，2%，1%及0.5%(w/w)下，具有抑制功效的有機物種質，分別為46種，21種，4種及3種。進一步，將供試土壤進行分析，結果顯示有機物分解後，釋放出氨氣可抑制子囊盤的產生。將有機添加物與Coniothyrium minitans或Trichoderma virens等生物防治菌混合使用，則更具有抑制菌核產生子囊盤的效果。本研究顯示混合使用有機物及重寄生菌防治作物菌核病，是一種頗具環保的防病策略。

關鍵字

菌核病菌 ； 菌核 ； 子囊盤 ； 土壤添加物 ； 生物防治 ； Coniothyrium minitans ； Trichoderma virens ； Penicillium griseofulvum

並列摘要

An indoor study was conducted to assess the potential of organic residues, with or without biocontrol agents, as soil amendments for control of carpogenic germination of sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and production of apothecia. Of the 87 organic residues tested including crop straws, animal manures and processing by-products, 46 inhibited carpogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum when applied to soil at the rate of 3% (w/w), 21 were effective at 2%, 4 were effective at 1 %, and 3 were effective at 0.5%. Ammonia released from the decomposition of organic residues appeared to be the key factor in suppression of carpogenic germination. Organic soil amendments combined with biocontrol agents such as Coniothyrium minitans and Trichoderma virens, enhanced the control of apothecia of S. sclerofiorum by killing of sclerotia through mycoparasitism. The soil amendment with combination of organic materials and biocontrol agents represents an environmentally sustainable strategy for management of crop diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum.

並列關鍵字

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ； sclerotia ； carpogenic germination ； apothecia ； soil amendment ； biological control ； Coniothyrium minitans ； Trichoderma virens ； Penicillium griseofulvum