抑制褐根病菌、白紋羽菌及南方靈芝菌之化學藥劑篩選

Evaluation of Fungicides for Suppression of Three Major Wood-decay Fungi Phellinus noxius, Rosellinia necatrix and Ganoderma australe

蔡志濃(J. N. Tsai) ； 安寶貞(P. J. Ann) ； 謝文端(W. H. Hsieh)

《植物病理學會刊》 14卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 115-124

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200506_14(2).0004

摘要

以稀釋平板法，將化學藥劑添加於馬鈴薯葡萄糖培養基內，來測定不同濃度之藥劑對三種台灣重要木材腐朽眞菌的抑制效果。在供試之46種藥劑中，以25%普克利乳劑對褐根病菌之抑制效果最佳，當有效濃度在10ppm時即可完全抑制供試菌株之菌絲生長；而7種藥劑之藥效次之，約有90%以上之抑制效果，包括5%三泰芬可濕性粉劑、25%撲克拉乳劑、30%佈生乳劑、84.2%三得芬乳劑、23.7%依普同水懸粉、5% Pyriferox +40% Quinolate及75%滅普寧可濕性粉劑等；同時，4-4式波爾多液亦可完全抑制該菌之生長。盆栽實驗，結果顯示稀釋1000倍之普克利、三泰芬、撲克拉、滅普寧及亞磷酸，及4-4式波爾多液對人工接種褐根病菌之番荔枝苗與枇杷苗有較佳之防治褐根病的效果。室內篩選34種化學藥劑對自紋羽菌之抑制效果，結果以25%普克利乳劑、25%撲克拉乳劑、50%撲克拉錳可濕性粉劑、50%免賴得可濕性粉劑、40%腐絕可濕性粉劑、60%貝芬替可濕性粉劑、53%貝芬得可濕性粉劑、70%甲基多保淨可濕性粉劑、40%快得寧可濕性粉劑及40%銅快得寧可濕性粉劑等10種藥劑之藥效最佳，有效濃度在10ppm時即可完全抑制供試菌株之菌絲生長；抑制靈芝類則以25%普克利乳劑、5%三泰芬可濕性粉劑、84.2%三得芬乳劑、75%滅普寧可濕性粉劑、40%快得寧可濕性粉劑及40%銅快昨寧可濕性粉劑等6種藥劑之藥效最佳，有效濃度在10ppm時即可完全抑制供度菌株之菌絲生長；而25%撲克拉乳劑及50%撲克拉錳可濕性粉劑等2種藥劑則有90%以上之抑制效果。

關鍵字

立枯型病害decline ； 褐根病菌Phellinus noxius ； 白紋羽菌 ； 靈芝Ganoderma spp. ； 藥劑篩選 ； 病害防治

並列摘要

Phellinus noxius, Rosellinia necatrix and Ganoderma australe are three major woody decay fungi causing decline of fruit trees and ornamental woody trees in Taiwan. Potato dextrose agar amended with individual chemical was used to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of synthetic chemicals on suppression of these three fungi. Among the 46 chemicals tested against P. noxius, the causal agent of brown root rot disease. 25% propiconazole EC was most effective. completely inhibiting the mycelial growth at the active ingredient (ai) dosage of 10ppm. Followed by 5% triadimefon WP. 25% prochloraz EC. 30% TCMTB EC. 84.2% tridemorph. EC and 75% mepronil WP, which showed completely inhibition at 100 ppm. Bordeaux mixtures (4-4) were also very effective in inhibiting mycelial growth. Results of pot tests also showed that propiconazole, triadimefon, prochloraz, mepronil. Bordeaux mixture and phosphorous acid (H.PO3) were effective in decreasing seedling decline of sweet apple (Annona squamosa) and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) artificially inoculated with P. noxius. Thirty-four chemicals were tested for their effects against R. necatrix, the causal agent of white root rot disease. The following chemicals were strongly inhibitory to the pathogen at 10 ppm: propiconazole, 50% benomyl WP, 40% thiabendazole WP, 60% carbendazim WP, 53% carbendazim + metiram WP, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 25% prochloraz EC. 50% prochlorate manganese WP 40% oxine-copper WP and 40% oxine-copper + copper hydroxide WP. Most chemicals, which were effective against P. noxius, were also effective in reducing the mycelial growth of G. australe. propiconazole. triadimefon, tridemorph. mepronil, oxine-copper and oxine-copper + copper hydroxide, at the concentration of 10 ppm completely suppressed the growth of G. australe. Prochloraz and prochlorate manganese at the same concentration caused 90% reduction in mycelial growth.

並列關鍵字

Tree decline ； Phellinus noxius ； Rosellinia necatrix ； Ganoderma australe ； chemical control