Polyamines: Induction and Effect on Rust Disease Control of Bean

聚醯胺的誘導與防治菜豆銹病的效果

Wafaa ； M. Haggag

《植物病理學會刊》 14卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 89-102

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200506_14(2).0002

摘要

於溫室與田間試驗評估誘導菜豆植體中聚醯胺（腐胺、亞精胺及精胺）對防治由Uromyces appendiculatus引起菜豆銹病的可能效應。以0.5、1.0、1.5mM等三種濃度的腐胺酸、烏胺酸及精胺酸做爲三元胺的腐胺、三元胺的亞精胺及四元胺的精胺等的前驅物。這些聚醯胺前驅物的三種濃度在溫室中大致上均能降低菜豆銹病的罹病度與銹斑及冬孢子的數目。在21天的試驗中，噴佈聚醯胺前驅物可明顯增加植體內腐胺、亞精胺及精胺的量；同時，處理的葉片同樣表現相同的結果。這種改變仍是隨著植體內可溶性烏胺酸去羧酶(ODC)和聚醯胺氧化酶(PAO)活性明顯的增加而增加。聚醯胺的濃度、ODC和PAO的活性在接種對照組植體內明顥降低，然而可溶性聚醯胺、ODC和PAO的活性在處理1.0mM的腐胺酸後明顯增加。另外，處理植體中植物防禦相關酵素、過氧化本酵素、多酚氧化本酵素的活性、酚化物含量及病原相關蛋白亦明顯增加。田間試驗噴施二次聚醯胺前驅物亦明顯降低菜豆生長期間銹病菌的入侵及銹斑與冬孢子數量，並明顯增加生育狀態與最後産量。最有效的處理爲0.5和1.0mM腐胺酸，然而1.0和1.5mM的烏胺酸及精胺酸亦較對照組有抑病效果。聚醯胺前驅物的防病效果可能與二元胺的腐胺和聚醯胺的亞精胺和精胺累積，特定毒性及抗病性等有關。因此，聚醯胺的誘導應可做爲防治菜豆銹病的新方法。

關鍵字

菜豆 ； 腐胺酸 ； 烏胺酸 ； 精胺酸 ； 亞精胺 ； 精胺 ； 銹病 ； Uromyces appendiculatus

並列摘要

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential effect of polyamine induction (putrescence, spermidine and spermine) in bean plants on control of rust disease caused by Uromyces appendiculatus under both greenhouse and field conditions. Three concentrations, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM of putrescine, ornithine and arginine were used as precursors of diamine putrescence, the triamine spermidine and tetraamine spermine. In the greenhouse, the disease severity and the number of pustules and uredospores were substantially reduced by all tested concentrations of polyamines precursors. At the same time, spraying of precursors of polyamines led to significant increases in levels of free putrescence, spermine and spermidine during the 21 days of experimental period. Meanwhile, treated leaves also exhibited significant increase in the amount of soluble conjugated putrescence, spermidine and spermine. These changes were accompanied by significant increase in the activity of soluble ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) during the 21 days of experimental period. Polyamines concentrations, ODC activity and PAO activity were greatly decreased in inoculated control treatment. Levels of free, soluble conjugated polyamines, ODC activity and PAO activity were greatly increased following treatment with putrescine at 1 mM. Moreover, significant increases in activities of plant defence related enzymes, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, free and conjugated phenol contents and pathogen related proteins were recorded in treated plants compared with untreated infected plants. In field trials, twice application of precursor of polyamines led to a significant reduction in rust disease infection and the number of pustules and uredospores during growth periods. Significant increases in growth characters and final yield were obtained in comparison with the untreated control. The most effective treatment was putrescine at 0.5 and 1.0 mM. However, high effect was also obtained by ornithine and arginine at 1.0 and 1.5 mM. It is concluded that the potential activity of these compounds may be related to the accumulation of diamine putrescence and polyamines spermidine and spermine and specifically to their toxicity and role in resistance. It was suggested that induction of polyamines may become a promising new approach for controlling rust disease of bean plants.

並列關鍵字

Bean ； putrescence ； ornithine ； arginine ； spermidine and spermine ； rust and Uromyces appendiculatus