植物精油抑制灰黴病菌孢子發芽與防治蝴蝶蘭灰黴病之效果

Effects of Plant Essential Oils on Botrytis cinerea Spore Germination and Gray Mold Incidence in Phalaenopsis

陳俊宏(C. H. Chen) ； 謝廷芳(T. F. Hsieh)

《植物病理學會刊》 14卷4期 (2005/12) Pp. 257-264

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.200512_14(4).0005

摘要

蒐集市面上常見十種植物精油包括天竺葵(geranium)、橙花(neroli)、快樂鼠尾草(clary sage)、佛手柑(bergamot)、香蜂草(lemon balm)、依蘭(ylang ylang)、萊姆(lime)、洋甘菊(chamomile)、迷迭香(rosemary)及花梨木(rosewood)等，經稀釋1000與2000倍後，分別測試其抑制灰黴病菌Botrytis cinerea (B-134)孢子發芽之效果。於相同倍數稀釋下，植物精油在水瓊脂培養基平板上抑制孢子發芽之能力普遍較無菌水中為佳，其中以天竺葵、橙花、依蘭、花梨木等四種植物精油之效果最好。另外，天竺葵與花梨木稀釋1000倍亦具有良好之燻蒸抑菌功效。天竺葵等四種植物精油經系列稀釋後測試其對灰黴病菌孢子發芽之影響，結果顯示天竺葵1000倍與2000倍稀釋液及橙花、依蘭、花梨木等1000倍稀釋液均具顯著之抑菌效果，將之噴施於蝴蝶蘭花瓣上，發現均具有預防灰黴病菌孢子感染花器之效果，其中以依蘭及天竺葵最佳，效果等同或優於推薦藥劑甲基多保淨(Thiophanate-methyl, Topsin M)之施用。另外，本研究結果亦顯示植物精油在水瓊脂培養基平板上之抑菌結果與在蝴蝶蘭花瓣上之結果較為相符，所得結果更可作為研發非農藥植物保護製劑之參考。

關鍵字

植物精油 ； 蝴蝶蘭 ； 灰黴病 ； 孢子發芽率 ； 防治

並列摘要

Ten plant essential oils derived from geranium (Pelargonium graveolens (L.) L'Her ex Ait.), neroli (Citrus aurantium L.), clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), ylang ylang (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. F & Thoms.), lime (Limonia aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and rosewood (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) were screened for antifungal activity against spore germination of Botrytis cinerea isolate B-134. Each plant essential oil was diluted to 1,000 and 2,000 folds and tested for their antifungal activity by glass slide method and water agar plate method. Results showed that the average ability of the tested plant essential oils to suppress spore germination of B. cinerea on the water agar plate was much better than that of in sterile distilled water on slide. Among ten different kinds of essential oils, geranium, neroli, ylang ylang and rosewood essential oils were the best four in suppression of spore germination. Meanwhile, the geranium and rosewood essential oil at 1,000 diluted fold also showed the good fumigated suppression to spore germination. The serial dilutions of four effective essential oils were further prepared to test their suppressive effectiveness for spore germination. Results showed that geranium essential oil at 1,000 and 2,000 diluted folds, and neroli, ylang ylang and rosewood essential oil at 1,000 diluted fold were the effective concentration to suppress the spore germination. Gray mold of Phalaenopsis caused by B. cinerea also significantly decreased after Phalaenopsis petal was sprayed with these effective plant essential oils at the suitable diluted concentration. The effect of disease suppression by essential oils of ylang ylang and geranium was equal to or better than that of the chemical Topsin M. Moreover, the results of the ability of plant essential oil in decreasing gray mold disease of Phalaenopsis petal were similar to the ability in suppressing spore germination of B. cinerea on water agar plate.

並列關鍵字

Essential oil ； Phalaenopsis ； Botrytis cinerea ； gray mold ； spore germination ； control