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Effect of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia on Control of Rhizoctonia Damping-off of Cabbage Seedlings

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia防治甘藍幼苗立枯病的效果

摘要


評估五株產氣根圈細菌(Pseudomonas putida三株菌株,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia與Enterobacter cloacae各一支菌株)對植物病原真菌生長的影響,得知E. cloacae和S. maltophilia兩菌株所產生的揮發性氣體抑制Rhizoctonia solani AG-4菌絲生長的效果最佳。比較S. maltophilia在四種培養基上產生揮發性氣體抑制R. solani AG-4生長的效果,證實S. maltophilia SM006生長在酵母麥芽培養基(yeast-malt agar)所釋放之氣體的抑菌功效最好。篩選七種氮素源對S. maltophilia SM006產生揮發性氣體抑制R. solani AG-4生長的影響,結果顯示S. maltophilia在添加2%酪蛋白的yeast-malt agar培養基上生長所產生之揮發性氣體的抑菌效果最為顯著。利用氣相層析質譜分析儀(GC-MS)分析S. maltophilia產生揮發性氣體的種類,主要以甲醇(methanethiol)、苯乙烯(styrene)、苯乙烷(ethylbenzene)、丁基化羟基甲苯(butylated hydroxytoluene)、1-己烯(1-hexene)及二甲基二硫化物(dimethyl disulfide)為主。進一步,評估四種商業化的藥劑(styrene,ethylbenzene,1-hexene,dimethyl disulfide)對R. solani AG-4生長的影響,得知1-hexene不具抑菌效果外,其餘三類藥劑均有顯著抑菌的功效。在網室進行防治試驗,結果顯示施用酵母麥芽酪蛋白培養液(yeast-malt-casein broth)培養的S. maltophilia SM006(2-2.5 x 10^8 cfu/mL)可有效降低甘藍立枯病的發生率外,尚可促進甘藍幼苗的生育。

並列摘要


Five rhizobacterial strains, including three Pseudomonas putida, one Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and one Enterobacter cloacae, were evaluated for production of volatile compounds that were toxic to fungal plant pathogens. Among the five fungal pathogens tested, volatile compounds from E. cloacae and S. maltophilia were most effective in suppression of mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. The volatile compounds produced by S. maltophilia grown on yeast-malt agar were most suitable for suppression of mycelial growth of R. solani AG-4. Of the seven nitrogen sources tested, yeast-malt agar supplemented with 2.0% casein was the most suitable medium for the growth of S. maltophilia and producing toxic volatile compounds for suppression of mycelial growth of R. solani AG-4. Results of analyses of volatile compounds released from S. maltophilia strain SM006 grown in yeast-malt-casein broth were methanethiol, styrene, ethylbenzene, butylated hydroxytoluene, 1-hexene, and dimethyl disulfide. Four commercial volatile compounds (styrene, ethylbenzene, 1-hexene, dimethyl disulfide) were tested for their effects on inhibiting mycelial growth of R. solani AG-4. All these compounds except 1-hexene showed inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of R. solani AG-4. Results of two greenhouse trials showed that the growth medium (BVB No. 4) amended with S. maltophilia (2-2.5 x 10^8 cfu/mL) grown in yeast-malt-casein broth was effective in reducing disease incidence of damping-off of cabbage seedlings caused by R. solani AG-4 and thereby, increasing number of healthy, marketable seedlings.

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