Pseudomonas cichorii引起的九層塔細菌性葉斑病

Occurrence and Identification of Bacterial Leaf Spot of Basil Found in Taiwan

許秀惠(S. H. Hseu) ； 宋嘉仁(C. J. Sung) ； 蔡叔芬(S. F. Tsai) ； 許馨云(S. Y. Hsu)

《植物病理學會刊》 22卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 93-103

https://doi.org/10.6649/PPB.201306_22(2).0002

摘要

民國100～101年，於高雄大寮、屏東萬丹栽培區等多處發現九層塔植株在新芽、葉緣氣孔及葉脈出現不規則形褐色至深褐病斑，病斑漸擴大至整個葉片，莖部則於採收修剪處往下的枝條出現不規則形深褐色病斑，嚴重時葉片皺縮，斑點蔓延全株而導致葉片掉落，植株萎凋。該問題之植株經組織分離後，所得菌株經柯霍氏法則確認為病原細菌，該病原細菌由生理生化，Biolog鑑定結果與Pseudomonas cichorii相似，碳源的利用也與P. cichorii相同，再以專一性引子SfL1／SfL2增幅鑑定結果為P. cichorii，且16S rDNA定序鑑定均確認該問題是由P. cichorii引起，且與國外已知的九層塔細菌性葉斑病（bacterial leaf spot）相同，此病害的發生在台灣為首次記載。利用濾紙圓盤擴散法測定九層塔細菌性葉斑病菌株對不同藥劑之感受性，結果顯示10種供試藥劑除鋅錳乃浦對部分菌株之生長無抑制效果外，其餘供試藥劑均能抑制九層塔細菌性葉斑病菌株之生長，其中以鏈黴素效果最佳，其他依序為歐索林酸、鏈四環黴素、多保鏈黴素、氫氧化銅、鹼性氯氧化銅、嘉賜銅、嘉賜黴素、三元硫酸銅及鋅錳乃浦。

關鍵字

九層塔 ； 細菌性葉斑病 ； 室內藥劑篩選

並列摘要

An unknown bacterial disease was first found on basil cultivation areas of Kaohsiung and Pingtung county during 2011 to 2012. Symptoms of the disease occurred on whole plant including leaf, stem and petal etc., it first appeared as a brown to dark brown irregular spot, and later coalesced and developed leaf dropping symptoms. The causal agent was identified as Pseudomonas cichorii based on physiological and chemical tests, Biolog GN MicroPlate identification system, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and pathogenicity tests. The pathogen was further confirmed by PCR with SfL1/SfR2 specific primers to Pseudomonas cichorii. This is the first report of bacterial leaf spot occurred on basil in Taiwan. We further screen the inhibitory effect of ten agrochemicals on P. cichorii strains, and streptomycin was most effective.

並列關鍵字

basil ； bacterial leaf spot ； Pseudomonas cichorii ； agrochemical screening