產銷通路整合下含有不良品的報童問題之訂購策略

Replenishment Policy of a Defective Item Newsboy Problem for an Integrated Manufacturer-retailer Channel

黃惠民(Hui-Ming Wee) ； 方翠瑩(Tsuei-Ying Fang) ； 陳維南(Wei-Nan Chen)

《品質學報》 14卷1期 (2007/03) Pp. 17-30

摘要

在現今競爭激烈的市場環境中，企業決策已由傳統局部最佳化，轉向尋求供應鏈系統之整體最佳化。若只以單方的立場來考量，成本不會是整體之最佳化，唯有以共同的立場為考量，聯合成本才會是整體之最佳，雙方才可獲得最佳之長期利益，達成雙贏的局面。
本文研究的對象主要是以單一週期存貨、生命週期固定且銷售期短暫的商品為主。研究目的是將傳統報童問題加以擴充，在傳統報童模式中加入含有不良品的條件和退貨政策的機制，以探討單期存貨決策模式對於在製造商與零售商利潤獨立和利潤合併二種情況下之最適訂購量。最後以個案說明本研究所建立模型的應用情形，並對重要的參數進行敏感度分析。

關鍵字

整體最佳化 ； 供應鏈系統 ； 報童問題 ； 不良品 ； 退貨政策

並列摘要

In the current competitive market environment, enterprises have transformed from an independent decision to a collaborative decision strategy. This is because decisions made independently by one player will not result in global optimum. Global optimality will only be realized if the perspectives of all the players are considered.
In this research, we consider a single-period inventory of product with a fixed life cycle and a short marketing period. Our study expands the classical newsboy problem to consider defective items and return policy. The optimum order quantity is derived for cases when the expected profit model in the manufacturer and the retailer are developed independently and collaboratively. Related literatures of classical newsboy problem, defective item inventory systems, return policy and two-echelon supply chain integrated inventory models are reviewed. Research methodology in the model development consists of inventory theory, probability and statistic theory. The objective of this study is to derive the optimum order quantity that will maximize the total system profit. Finally, numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are carried out to illustrate the application of the model. From the models, numerical examples and sensitively analysis, it is seen that the optimal order quantity derived increases the manufacturer-retailer profit. This is in conformance with the objective of the integrated manufacturer-retailer channel.

並列關鍵字

global optimum ； supply chain system ； newsboy problem ； defective items ； return policy

參考文獻

Ben-Daya, M.,Hariga, M.,(2000).Economic scheduling problem with imperfect production process.Journal of the Operation Research Society.51,875-881.

Choi, T. M.,Li, D.,Yan, H.(2004).Optimal returns policy for supply chain with e-marketplace.International Journal of Production Economics.88,205-227.

Hahn, K. H.,Hwang, H.,Shinn, S. W.(2004).A returns policy for distribution channel coordination of perishable items.European Journal of Operational Research.152,770-780.

Hill, R. M.(1999).The optimal production and shipment policy for the single-vender single-buyer integrated production-inventory problem.International Journal of Production Research.37,2463-2475.

Lau, A. H. L.,Lau, H. S.(1988).The newsboy problem with price-dependent demand distribution.IIE Transactions.20,168-175.