飛航安全之人為因素與技術停飛：心理學之分析

A Psychological Analysis of Human Factors and Failed Cadets with Respect to Aviation Safety

程千芳(Chian-Fang Grace Cherng)

《中華民國航空醫學會刊》 14卷1期 (2000/12) Pp. 31-41

https://doi.org/10.7011/TAMAROC.200012.0031

摘要

本文從人的極限論及動機和人格對飛航安全和飛航表現之重要性，主要的觀點大多源自於心理學相關的理論，僅是特別強調於個體的特殊性，即其動機和人格特質。據此，本研究透過37位「技術停飛」之飛訓生的自我描述與分析其技停的原因，進行類別及頻率上的統計分析，以多變頂因素的觀點，試圖驗證飛行操作能力以外的其他心理因素在「技停案例」上的影響。結果顯示出在九種分類上，「外在因素」是主要的歸因，佔約40%。此一現象可能反應出技停生遭受能力上的否定或飛訓上的不適應峙，極可能傾向以外在歸因來自我防衛或自我調適，以避免自我影像因技停而受損。相對他，此一結果也可能反應出：部份技停生質疑現行「飛行能力之評鑑」的客觀性和公平性。然而若比較三類飛訓生在六類（將人格相關之因素統整為一，原九類變成六類）技停原因上之反應人數，則反應出個體的「人格因素」與其飛行表現有其關鍵性的影響，意即技停飛訓生在「人格因素」上之歸因人數最多（基本組雖以外在因索為首，但仍有極高之「人格因素」之反應人數）。而在與教官互動或身體適應性等因素對於飛訓結果之影響，則隨個體飛行經驗的增加而有遞減的趨勢。因此綜合整個分析結果反應出:影響飛行表現，甚或飛航安全較穩定的因素仍在於個體的特殊性－人格特質。此等源自於個案晤談的資料所反應出的結果與學理上的論點大體一致，值得航空界重視。

關鍵字

飛航人格 ； 動機 ； 技術停飛 ； 飛航安全

並列摘要

The present study emphasized the psychological aspects, especially motivation and personality, on the understanding of aviation human factors and to interpret the 1iiiure in flight training. Thirty-seven failed cadets were interviewed and their attributions about their failures were categorized accordingly. ”External attribution” was the most popular factor among all. These results may be due to failed cadets' self-defense. However, combining personality-related factors into one (i.e., personality factor), it had shown that the personality factor was the most dominant attribution according to the failed cadets' self-responses. According to the current analyses, four suggestions were provided as a way of improving and ensuring the aviation safety. The first was to motivate staffs. The second was to apply psychological counseling and intervention actively. The third was to emphasize the importance of harmony with respect to team members' personalities. The fourth and the last was the importance of developing an indigenous tool for personality assessment on the pilot selection in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Pilot's personality ； motivation ； failed cadets ； aviation safety