唐代澤潞區的“從舊貫葬”與“不仕”

The Congjiuguanzang 從舊貫葬, and Bushi 不仕 of Ze and Lu 澤潞 Region in the Tang Dynasty

張正田(Zheng-Tian Zhang)

《中國歷史學會史學集刊》 37期 (2005/07) Pp. 33-66

https://doi.org/10.29976/BHARC.200507.0002

摘要

本文據前人對唐代士族「中央官僚化」的研究成果，以唐代河東道澤、溜二州地區所收墓誌銘主為例，作區域研究，發現本地區因地處貧瘠，鮮有士族存在，故現有所收墓誌銘多為社會階層較低的「小姓階層」，這些階級人士並在唐前期雖多仕官，卻未有明顯的中央官僚化現象，反多是安土重遷，「從舊貫葬」。此外本文也發現至晚唐時期，本區「不仕」與「歷代不仕」之「處士」人數明顯增加，這很可能是因為晚唐時期中央漸不能有效控制地方，甚至連本區所屬的昭義軍也不能有效控制內部。加上地主私有制勃興、或莊園經濟體興起後，新地主階層沒有積極地跟唐帝國或昭義軍的文武職官僚體系結合，進而取得功名。在這些因素影響下，造成晚唐本區「歷代不仕」、「處士」之比例大幅增加。其中若干歷代不仕者，由銘文也發現墓誌主家族很可能不會因父祖以來皆不仕而家道中落，反可能是當地豪強，在當地有一定社會影響力。推估前人研究所論晚唐時「莊園經濟體系」或「地主私有制」已漸發達，小姓階層不一定要依靠國家官僚體系，仍能維持一定社會地位，至少由本區所收墓誌銘，很可能可證明此論點。

關鍵字

唐代 ； 昭義軍 ； 澤潞區 ； 從舊貫葬 ； 不仕 ； 處士

並列摘要

This article aims at regional study in order to reflect the previous studies on the centralism by examing the hic jacets at the Ze 澤 and Lu 潞 regions, Hedong Dao. 河東道 The author finds that due to the barren s oil, Shizu 士族, the highest 1evel in social status, rarely existed in this region. What we had find out from the hic jacets is that Xiaoxing class 小姓階級 was the majority in this region. These people served for the Tang government in the early period of this dynasty. However, it did not show the appearance of centralism but Congjiuguanzang 從舊貫葬, deeply rooted in their hometown without moving. Besides, those who did not want to serve and those whose family had not served for the government for many generations had increasingly grown. It may due to the Tang government's and Zhaoyijun's 昭義軍, the local troop, unable to control the local situation. Moreover, as the growing of the privatization of land and manorial economic system, new landlord groups did not cooperate with either the Tang government or the Zhaoyijun. Under this influence, those who did not want to serve and those whose family had not served for the government for generations had increased in this region. For those whose family had not served for the government for generations, we find that their descendents might not declined because of this situation. Instead, they might have dominated the local society. Therefore, this article assumes that the Xiaoxing class could still have maintained their social status without depending on the bureaucractic system by the central government.

並列關鍵字

Tang Dynasty ； Zhaoyijun ； Ze and Lu Region ； Congjiuguanzang

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