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南宋四川的史學

Historiography of the Southern Sung Dynasty in Sichuan

摘要


四川地理環境特殊,自北宋以後,讀書風氣日盛,蘇洵及其子軾、轍,都是大文豪,文風益昌。靖康之難後,京西及陜西諸路的士大夫家庭,多遷往四川,帶去中原文獻。南宋初年,四川沒有受到戰亂,官府保存了較完備的檔案,有助於史家纂修當代史。高宗初年,范沖修成《神宗實錄考異》,李攸纂成《宋朝事實》,開南宋四川的史學之先河。孝宗時,李燾繼司馬光《資治通鑑》之後,修成專記北宋一百六十八年歷史的《續資治通鑑長編》,總一千零六十三卷,為一空前之巨著。繼之者為李心傳,修成《建炎以來繫年要錄》兩百卷,專記高宗一朝歷史,又綜述高、孝、光、寧四朝的典制及軍國大政等,為《建炎以來朝野雜記》甲、乙集各二十卷,皆極詳實。與李燾同時之人王稱,用紀傳體撰成《東都事略》一百三十卷,載北宋九君帝紀及名臣列傳等,皆信而有徵。較心傳稍晚的彭百川,纂成《太平治蹟統類》前集三十卷,分類敘述北宋九朝太平政事及諸臣經世濟民之實蹟。范沖及李燾父子、李心傳父子都曾參與修實錄及國史,為兩浙、江西、福建諸路之史學家所不及。南宋四川史學家最大的貢獻首為當代史的纂修,其次為考証之學,再次則為前代史之論述和史學義理之闡發,此又與南宋的國家處境息息相關的。而杜大珪所編的《名臣碑傳琬琰集》一百零七卷,集太祖至高宗十朝名臣的碑傳於一編,對元明清的史學影響極為深遠。

並列摘要


Owning to the spectacular geography in Sichuan, flourishing academic atmosphere had great influence on contemporary intellectuals such as Su Xun and his sons Su Shi and Su Che in the Northern Sung Dynasty. After the Incident of Change happening in the Sung Dynasty, most of families of intellectuals in the Jing Xi Lu and Shaan Xi Lu relocated in Sichuan and brought along documents of middle world. Sichuan was free from warfare at the beginning of the Southern Sung, thus, the documents was kept in the integrity by the governors and they were of great help to the historians editing contemporary history. Many of them were done in the early period of the Emperor Gaotsung of Sung, Shen-tsung Shih-lu Kao-yi edited by Fan Chong and Sung-chao Shi-shi complied by Li Yu were the pioneers of the Southern Sung's historiography in Sichuan. Following Sima Guang's Zi-zhi Tong-jian, Li Tao's Zi-zhi Tong-jian Chang-bian completed in the age of the Emperor Xiaotsung of Sung was an all-time masterpiece that recorded one hundred and sixty-eight years of history of the Northern Sung Dynasty and had 1063 volumes in total. Later, Li Hsin-chuan not only edited Jian-yen Yi-lai Hsi-nien Yao-lu recorded the history of the Emperor Gaotsnng of Sung in two hundred volumes, but also edited Jian-yen Yi-lai Chao-ye Za-ji documented regulations and military decision-makings in two parts including twenty volumes each, from Emperors Gaotsung, Xiaotsung, Guangtsung, through Ningtsung of Sung. Both of Li Hsin-chuan's work was detailed and accurated. Meanwhile, Wang Cheng writed one hundred and thirty volumes of Dong-dou Shi-liueh in a form of historical record that centers on individuals and their performances to faithfully documented emperor periods of nine emperors and biography of subordinates. After Li Hsin-chuan, Tai-ping Chi-ji Tong-lei, edited by Peng Bai-chuan, illustrated peaceful politics and examples of beneficence of governors in categories. Fan Chong, Li Tao and his son, Li Hsin-chuan and his son all participated in editing document and history of Sung Dynasty for they surpassed historians in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian. The most significant contribution of the Southern Sung Dynasty's historians was to edit contemporary history. Besides, they focused on textual research, discussion of history for previous Dynasty, and innovative interpretation of historiography. Their effort was centered on issues closely related to the situation of the Southern Sung Dynasty. At last, the one hundred and seven volumes of masterpiece called Ming-chen Bei-zhuan Woan-yean Chi edited by Duh Dah-guei, collected epitaphs of distinguished subordinates from the period of the Emperor Taizu to Gaotsung of Sung, and had great influence on the historiography of the later Yuan, Ming and Ching Dynasty.

參考文獻


兩朝綱目備要
民傅增湘。宋代蜀文輯存。新文豐出版公司。
清丁丙。善本書藏書志。廣文書局。
清李慈銘。越縵堂讀書記。世界書局。
清周中孚。鄭堂讀書記

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陳冠宇(2012)。宋代的地方攝官問題〔碩士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2012.10345
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王安泰(2010)。再造封建——魏晉南北朝的爵制與政治秩序〔博士論文,國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342%2fNTU.2010.00215

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