Compared to the OECD countries, Taiwan’s health care system seems to be more efficient. Although there are relatively fewer physicians and acute care beds, these physicians and beds show extremely high levely of productivity, providing a large volume of ambulatory care services and an intermediate amount of inpatient services. Taiwan’s health care system is widely recognized for its high medical care accessibility, low medical care expenditure, average quality of care, and high public satisfaction. In terms of the output of the medical care system, life expectancy could be increased by 2-5 more years. Howevr, for women’s health and accidental deaths, it still needs a large improvement. Furthermore, other than the health care system, productivity and resource integration, efficiency of prevention, health promotion, and long-term care services also need further investigation.