國際衛生發展的全球性挑戰

過去十年來，國際衛生的實務與學術研究逐漸受到國內的重視。本文目的在介紹國際衛生界目前及未來所面臨的全球性挑戰及因應的策略。本文開始先簡介國際衛生之範疇，然後探討國際衛生在學術研究與實務上最新的發展。接下來則將國際衛生所面臨的全球性挑戰歸納為六項：多科技整合、跨部門及同部門協調、方法論之挑戰、全球化之影響及不平等的衛生發展、傳染病及新興疾病、以及自然和人為災難，並逐一深入討論。針對這些挑戰，本文介紹並探討目前國際衛生界回應的策略，並將之歸納為五項：（1）因應經濟全球化及貧富差距擴大的策略、（2）多層面發展策略、（3）以受援助國為核心的協調方案、（4）和平策略、以及（5）多科際合作策略。最後一節則討論這些挑戰及因應策略對我國參與國際衛生學術及實務發展之意義，並提出政策建議。

關鍵字

國際衛生；衛生發展；全球化；公正性

並列摘要

In the past decade, international health practice and research have gradually gained recognition in Taiwan. The purpose of this article is to introduce global challenges of international health and strategies to meet these challenges. This article is divided into five sections. The first section introduces the nature and scope of international health. This is followed by a discussion of new developments in the research and practices of international health. In the third section, the author categorizes global challenges to international health into six groups. These challenges are: multidisciplinary integration; inter-sector and sector-wide coordination; methodological challenges; the impacts of globalization and inequality in health development; old and newly emerged communicable diseases; and natural and human-made disasters. The fourth section discusses five strategies for addressing these global challenges. These strategies include: (1) strategies to address economic globalization and the widening inequality in wealth; (2) multiple approaches to development; (3) Sector-Wide Approaches (SWAp); (4) peace movements; and (5) multi-disciplinary collaboration. Finally, the last section presents policy recommendations for Taiwan’s development of its international health programs.