台灣地區長期照護機構女性照顧服務員工作壓力源與工作適應、離職意願之研究

Job Stressors, Work Adjustment and Intention to Leave: A Study of Female Nursing Assistants in Long-term Care Facilities in Taiwan

蔡淑鳳(Shwu-Feng Tsay) ； 陳文意(Wen-Yi Chen) ； 林育秀(Yu-Hsiu Lin) ； 梁亞文(Yia-Wun Liang)

《台灣公共衛生雜誌》 32卷5期 (2013/10) Pp. 476-490

https://doi.org/10.6288/TJPH2013-32-05-07

摘要

目標：女性照顧服務員是國內長期照護工作第一線的照護提供者，直接影響照護品質。然因工作壓力高、負荷重、低社會形象等負向因素，人員招募不易且不易留任，人力長期處於不足又高流動的狀態。爰此，本研究旨在探討女性照服員工作壓力源對工作適應與離職意願的影響。方法：本研究為一橫斷性研究，以分層比例抽樣，採結構式問卷，調查450位照服員的工作壓力源、工作適應及離職意願。我們以多層次線性迴歸和多層次邏輯斯迴歸模型，分別探討工作壓力源對工作適應及離職意願的影響。結果：多層次線性迴歸分析結果顯示平均月收入、機構開業年數、機構類型、工作控制、心理負荷及社會支持顯著影響照服員的工作適應；而多層次邏輯斯迴歸分析結果顯示：婚姻狀況、工作資歷、照顧住民數、社會支持顯著影響照服員的離職意願。結論：本研究證實工作壓力源會影響照服員的工作適應及離職意願。照服員的工作適應及離職意願，可能對所照顧對象造成傷害，機構經營管理者不應輕忽此一問題所可能導致的影響。

關鍵字

長期照護機構 ； 照顧服務員 ； 工作壓力 ； 工作適應 ； 離職意願

並列摘要

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of job stressors on work adjustment and intention to leave on female nursing assistants (NAs) in Taiwan's long-term care facilities. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a structured-questionnaire to gather information about job stressors, work adjustment, and background. Data was collected through proportional stratified random sampling of 450 female NAs serving in long-term care facilities over three months. Multi-level linear regression and multi-level logistic regression models were utilized to identify factors associated with work adjustment and intention to leave, respectively. Results: The multi-level linear regression model showed that the significant factors associated with work adjustment included salary per month, type of institution, years of operation, job control, psychological demands, and work-related social support. The multi-level logistic regression model indicated that marital status, length of employment at the current facility, care loads, and work-related social support were significantly associated with NAs' intention to leave. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that job stressors were the key determinants in female NAs' work adjustment and intention to leave. NAs' work adjustment and intention to leave may cause serious medical, social, and financial hardships to residents and their families in long-term care facilities. We suggest potential management strategies to provide assistance to female NAs in order to alleviate work strain.

並列關鍵字

long-term care facility ； nursing assistant ； job stressor ； work adjustment ； intention to leave

參考文獻

黃文毓、謝嫣娉(2010)。護理之家外籍照顧服務員之工作壓力及其相關因素之探討—以台中、彰化地區為例。美和技術學院學報。29，181-98。

Lin, S. M.,Yin, T. J. C.,Li, I. C.(2002).An exploration of work stressors and correlators for nurse's aides in long-term care facilities.J Nurs Res.10,177-86.

葉婉榆、鄭雅文、陳美如、邱文祥(2008)。職場疲勞狀況與工作過度投入之相關因素：以台北市36家職場受雇員工為例。台灣衛誌。27，463-77。

葉婉榆、鄭雅文、陳美如、邱文祥(2008)。職場疲勞量表的編製與信效度分析。台灣衛誌。27，349-64。

張晏蓉、葉婉榆、陳春萬、陳秋蓉、石東生、鄭雅文(2007)。台灣受僱者疲勞狀況的分布狀況與相關因素。台灣衛誌。26，75-87。