從歷史認知科學－科學哲學家Larry Laudan對於史學的反省與實踐

Larry Laudan's Reflection and Practice to History of Science

洪健榮(Chien-Jung Hung)

《輔仁歷史學報》 12期 (2001/06) Pp. 153-184

摘要

二十世紀六、七十年代興起於西方科學哲學界的科學歷史主義，其核心理念與具體成就在於透過歷史解構以往對於「科學」認知的刻板印象，藉由科學史重新建構出有別於先前邏輯經驗論與否證論所主導的科學哲學觀。本文主要分析該學派的代表人物之一－美國學者勞丹從歷史認知科學的實踐過程，也就是他如何在科學史與科學哲學之間尋求一互補互證的方式。在《進步及其問題》(1977)一書中，勞丹考量歷史研究的特性及其對科學哲學的功用，援引歷史思維審視以解決問題(problem-solving)爲本質的科學變遷，運用科學史實形塑出「研究傳統」發展與轉進的一般模式，從而建立起一套在特定狀況中評鑑科學理性與進步的判準。如此結果，適足以突顯歷史知識在其科學哲學系統中的重要地位。

關鍵字

勞丹 ； 歷史 ； 史學 ； 科學史 ； 科學史學 ； 科學哲學 ； 科學歷史主義

並列摘要

Historicism. of Science is risen in western philosophy of science field during 60-70. period of twenty century, which main concept and achievement is to deconstruct the stereotyped impression on science, and by history of science to reconstruct the different point of view on philosophy of science from Logical Empiricism and Falsificationism. This article is to analyze Larry Laudan, one of the representatives of historicism of science, his reflection and practice to history of science , and to see how he located the appropriate way of interaction between history and philosophy of science. In Progress and its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth, Laudan considered the specialty in the study of history and its function to philosophy of science. Through the historical evidence, he explained the scientific change which based on problem-solving activity and molded the general regulation of developing and transferring in research tradition. In the same way, he set up the normative criteria of evaluating the rationality and the progress in science. This result properly exposed the important position of historical knowledge in his philosophy of science system.

並列關鍵字

Laudan ； history ； historiography ； history of science ； historiography of science ； philosophy of science ； historicism of science